Análise de riscos de um vazamento de gás natural em um gasoduto

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaNeste trabalho foi realizado um estudo de análise de risco de um possível vazamento de Gás Natural em um gasoduto supostamente instalado no Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Este estudo foi conduzido analisando-se os efeitos das explosões de uma nuvem de gás utilizando o método Multi-Energia como ferramenta principal de análise. Este estudo é importante, pois os riscos envolvidos em vazamentos com gasodutos levam às leis ambientais cada vez mais rígidas. O processo de análise de riscos é muito utilizado nas indústrias para localizar as falhas nas operações, processos, edificações, que podem provocar liberações químicas acidentais, fogo ou explosão, e para prover organização, tomar decisões para melhorar a segurança e o manuseio dos riscos das operações. Esta análise garante que as instalações operem de acordo com os padrões de segurança requeridos pelos órgãos ambientais, normalização nacional e internacional e requisitos de segurança da empresa. A análise de riscos é baseada em três níveis de avaliação. A Análise Qualitativa de Riscos (AQR) envolve os riscos de todas as unidades, elaborada em atendimento ao processo de licenciamento ambiental. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo utilizar ferramentas de análise de riscos como a APP (Análise Preliminar de Perigo) para identificar e analisar o cenário de risco significativo associado com os processos ou atividades executadas. Utilizou-se o software PHAST (versão 5.63.1) para a verificação dos alcances dos efeitos físicos de sobrepressão calculados pelo método Multi-Energia (através de utilização de curvas) e modelo de Vulnerabilidade de Eisenberg (equações de PROBIT). De acordo com os dados obtidos, conclui-se que a ferramenta utilizada para análise de riscos (APP) e a metodologia utilizada (Método Multi-energia) oferece uma avaliação das distâncias seguras para probabilidade de morte por hemorragia pulmonar, colapso de estruturas e ruptura dos tímpanos para 1%, 50% e 99% de letalidade. Utilizando o Método Multi-energia como ferramenta da análise de risco, para 1% de probabilidade de danos, obtém-se a distância segura de 338m, para construção de instalações. Para a permanência de pessoas na região, foi obtida uma distância segura de 74m, e a distância adequada para que não ocorra a ruptura de tímpanos é de 180m. Estes resultados estão dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pelo órgão ambiental (CETESB). In this work we carried out a risk analysis of a possible leak of Natural gas in relation to the effects of gas cloud explosions based on the Multi Energy methodology. This study carried out on a gas line near the facilities of the Chemical Engineering Department at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The risks involved in gas lines leaks lead to more severe environment laws. The risks analysis process is very much used in industry to locate faults in the operation, processes, and buildings which may cause accidental chemical leaks, fire or explosion, and to provide organization, decision taking in order to improve safety and the handling of operation risks. This analysis guarantees that the facilities operate according to the safety standards required by the environmental institutions, national and international norms, and company safety requirements. Risk analysis is based on three levels of evaluation. The Qualitative Risk Analysis (AQR) involves risks of all the units, elaborated in attendance to the process of environmental licensing. This work had a principal objective to use risk analysis tools as the APP (Preliminary Analysis of Danger) to identify and analyze the significant risk scenario associated to the processes or activities executed in a specific gas line. The PHAST Software (version 5.63.1) was used for verification of the physical effect of overpressure calculated by the Multi-Energy method (through use of curves) and model of Vulnerability of Eisenberg (PROBIT equations). According to the data obtained, the conclusion of the tool used for the risk analysis (APP) and the methodology used (Method Multi-energy) offers an evaluation of the safe distances for the possibility of death due to lung hemorrhage, collapse of structures, and rupture of the ear drums to lethally 1%, 50% and 99%. Using the Multi-Energy method as a tool of risk analysis, for probability of 1%, the safety distance is 338 meters, of the build installations. To the permanence of people at the place, it was obtained the safety distance of 74 meters. The safety distance to do not to breach spandrels is 180 meters. These results are determined as the pattern established by ambient agency (CETESB)

Shrinking a large dataset to identify variables associated with increased risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Western Kenya

Large datasets are often not amenable to analysis using traditional single-step approaches. Here, our general objective was to apply imputation techniques, principal component analysis (PCA), elastic net and generalized linear models to a large dataset in a systematic approach to extract the most meaningful predictors for a health outcome. We extracted predictors for Plasmodium falciparum infection, from a large covariate dataset while facing limited numbers of observations, using data from the People, Animals, and their Zoonoses (PAZ) project to demonstrate these techniques: data collected from 415 homesteads in western Kenya, contained over 1500 variables that describe the health, environment, and social factors of the humans, livestock, and the homesteads in which they reside. The wide, sparse dataset was simplified to 42 predictors of P. falciparum malaria infection and wealth rankings were produced for all homesteads. The 42 predictors make biological sense and are supported by previous studies. This systematic data-mining approach we used would make many large datasets more manageable and informative for decision-making processes and health policy prioritization

Studying the Underlying Event in Drell-Yan and High Transverse Momentum Jet Production at the Tevatron

We study the underlying event in proton-antiproton collisions by examining the behavior of charged particles (transverse momentum pT > 0.5 GeV/c, pseudorapidity |\eta| < 1) produced in association with large transverse momentum jets (~2.2 fb-1) or with Drell-Yan lepton-pairs (~2.7 fb-1) in the Z-boson mass region (70 < M(pair) < 110 GeV/c2) as measured by CDF at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy. We use the direction of the lepton-pair (in Drell-Yan production) or the leading jet (in high-pT jet production) in each event to define three regions of \eta-\phi space; toward, away, and transverse, where \phi is the azimuthal scattering angle. For Drell-Yan production (excluding the leptons) both the toward and transverse regions are very sensitive to the underlying event. In high-pT jet production the transverse region is very sensitive to the underlying event and is separated into a MAX and MIN transverse region, which helps separate the hard component (initial and final-state radiation) from the beam-beam remnant and multiple parton interaction components of the scattering. The data are corrected to the particle level to remove detector effects and are then compared with several QCD Monte-Carlo models. The goal of this analysis is to provide data that can be used to test and improve the QCD Monte-Carlo models of the underlying event that are used to simulate hadron-hadron collisions.Comment: Submitted to Phys.Rev.

Study of CP violation in Dalitz-plot analyses of B0 --> K+K-KS, B+ --> K+K-K+, and B+ --> KSKSK+

We perform amplitude analyses of the decays $B^0 \to K^+K^-K^0_S$, $B^+ \rightarrow K^+K^-K^+$, and $B^+ \to K^0_S K^0_S K^+$, and measure CP-violating parameters and partial branching fractions. The results are based on a data sample of approximately $470\times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ decays, collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$ factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. For $B^+ \to K^+K^-K^+$, we find a direct CP asymmetry in $B^+ \to \phi(1020)K^+$ of $A_{CP}= (12.8\pm 4.4 \pm 1.3)$, which differs from zero by $2.8 \sigma$. For $B^0 \to K^+K^-K^0_S$, we measure the CP-violating phase $\beta_{\rm eff} (\phi(1020)K^0_S) = (21\pm 6 \pm 2)^\circ$. For $B^+ \to K^0_S K^0_S K^+$, we measure an overall direct CP asymmetry of $A_{CP} = (4 ^{+4}_{-5} \pm 2)$. We also perform an angular-moment analysis of the three channels, and determine that the $f_X(1500)$ state can be described well by the sum of the resonances $f_0(1500)$, $f_2^{\prime}(1525)$, and $f_0(1710)$.Comment: 35 pages, 68 postscript figures. v3 - minor modifications to agree with published versio

Measurement of the W+W−W^+W^- Production Cross Section and Search for Anomalous WWγWW\gamma and WWZWWZ Couplings in ppˉp \bar p Collisions at s=1.96\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV

This Letter describes the current most precise measurement of the $W$ boson pair production cross section and most sensitive test of anomalous $WW\gamma$ and $WWZ$ couplings in $p \bar p$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The $WW$ candidates are reconstructed from decays containing two charged leptons and two neutrinos, where the charged leptons are either electrons or muons. Using data collected by the CDF II detector from 3.6 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, a total of 654 candidate events are observed with an expected background contribution of $320 \pm 47$ events. The measured total cross section is $\sigma (p \bar p \to W^+ W^- + X) = 12.1 \pm 0.9 \textrm{(stat)} ^{+1.6}_{-1.4} \textrm{(syst)}$ pb, which is in good agreement with the standard model prediction. The same data sample is used to place constraints on anomalous $WW\gamma$ and $WWZ$ couplings.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

The relationship between demoralization and depressive symptoms among patients from the general hospital: Network and exploratory graph analysis

Introduction: Depression and demoralization are highly prevalent among individuals with physical illnesses but their relationship is still unclear. Objective: To examine the relationship between clinical features of depression and demoralization with the network approach to psychopathology. Methods: Participants were recruited from the medical wards of a University Hospital in Italy. The Demoralization Scale (DS) was used to assess demoralization, while the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms. The structure of the depression-demoralization symptom network was examined and complemented by the analysis of topological overlap and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) to identify the most relevant groupings (communities) of symptoms and their connections. The stability of network models was estimated with bootstrap procedures and results were compared with factor analysis. Results: Life feeling pointless, low mood/discouragement, hopelessness and feeling trapped were among the most central features of the network. EGA identified four communities: (1) Neurovegetative Depression, (2) Loss of purpose, (3) Frustrated Isolation and (4) Low mood and morale. Loss of purpose and low mood/morale were largely connected with other communities through anhedonia, hopelessness and items related to isolation and lack of emotional control. Results from EGA displayed good stability and were comparable to those from factor analysis. Limitations: Cross-sectional design; sample heterogeneity Conclusions: Among general hospital inpatients, features of depression and demoralization are independent, with the exception of low mood and self-reproach. The identification of symptom groupings around entrapment and helplessness may provide a basis for a dimensional characterization of depressed/demoralized patients, with possible implications for treatment

Anatomy in the Third Reich: An outline, part 1. National Socialist politics, anatomical institutions, and anatomists

Although it is known that anatomists working in Germany during the Third Reich have used bodies of victims of the National Socialist (NS) regime for dissection and research, a comprehensive history of the anatomy in the Third Reich has not yet been written. Recent studies of the history of German anatomy departments during this time period provide material for a first outline of the subject matter. A historical review can help with the formulation of ethical foundations in modern anatomy. From the outset, the NS regime sought to reorganize German universities according to NS leadership principles and political goals. Many German academics, especially physicians and among them anatomists, followed these intentions with a voluntary “self-alignment” that encompassed their professional actions as well as their ethics. Currently, political information is available for 111 of 178 anatomists. Thirty-eight of the anatomists were dismissed for racial or political reasons, among them 10 chairmen of anatomy, whereas 35 of the anatomists were politically active members of one of the NS organizations. Over 70% of the chairmen of anatomical departments in the time period from 1941 to 1944 were members of NS organizations. Anatomists, as so many other physicians and academics, belonged both, to the group of victims of the regime, i.e., those being dismissed from their positions for racial and political reasons, and to the group of supporters and sometimes active perpetrators of NS policies. Clin. Anat. 22:883–893, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64328/1/20872_ftp.pd

Search for Technicolor Particles Produced in Association with a W Boson at CDF

submitted to Phys. Rev. LettWe present a search for the technicolor particles $\rho_{T}$ and $\pi_{T}$ in the process $p\bar{p} \to \rho_{T} \to W\pi_{T}$ at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=1.96 \mathrm{TeV}$. The search uses a data sample corresponding to approximately $1.9 \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity accumulated by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The event signature we consider is $W\to \ell\nu$ and $\pi_{T} \to b\bar{b}, b\bar{c}$ or $b\bar{u}$ depending on the $\pi_{T}$ charge. We select events with a single high-$p_T$ electron or muon, large missing transverse energy, and two jets. Jets corresponding to bottom quarks are identified with multiple $b$-tagging algorithms. The observed number of events and the invariant mass distributions are consistent with the standard model background expectations, and we exclude a region at 95% confidence level in the $\rho_T$-$\pi_T$ mass plane. As a result, a large fraction of the region $m(\rho_T) = 180$ - $250 \mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ and $m(\pi_T) = 95$ - $145 \mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ is excluded.We present a search for the technicolor particles ρT and πT in the process pp̅ →ρT→WπT at a center of mass energy of √s=1.96  TeV. The search uses a data sample corresponding to approximately 1.9  fb-1 of integrated luminosity accumulated by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The event signature we consider is W→ℓν and πT→bb̅ , bc̅ or bu̅ depending on the πT charge. We select events with a single high-pT electron or muon, large missing transverse energy, and two jets. Jets corresponding to bottom quarks are identified with multiple b-tagging algorithms. The observed number of events and the invariant mass distributions are consistent with the standard model background expectations, and we exclude a region at 95% confidence level in the ρT-πT mass plane. As a result, a large fraction of the region m(ρT)=180–250  GeV/c2 and m(πT)=95–145  GeV/c2 is excluded.Peer reviewe

Measurement of dσ/dyd\sigma/dy of Drell-Yan e+e−e^+e^- pairs in the ZZ Mass Region from ppˉp\bar{p} Collisions at s=1.96\sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV

Submitted to Phys. Letter BWe report on a CDF measurement of the total cross section and rapidity distribution, $d\sigma/dy$, for $q\bar{q}\to \gamma^{*}/Z\to e^{+}e^{-}$ events in the $Z$ boson mass region ($66M_{ee}We report on a CDF measurement of the total cross section and rapidity distribution, dσ/dy, for γ*/Z→e+e− events in the Z boson mass region (66<Mee<116 GeV/c2) produced in p pbar collisions at \sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV with 2.1 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The measured cross section of 257±16 pb and dσ/dy distribution are compared with Next-to-Leading-Order (NLO) and Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order (NNLO) QCD theory predictions with CTEQ and MRST/MSTW parton distribution functions (PDFs). There is good agreement between the experimental total cross section and dσ/dy measurements with theoretical calculations with the most recent NNLO PDFs.Peer reviewe