Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis-gas chromatography: review

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) has become well established as a simple, quick and reliable analytical technique for a range of applications including the analysis of polymeric materials. Recent developments in Py-GC technology and instrumentation include laser pyrolysis and non-discriminating pyrolysis. Progress has also been made in the detection of low level polymer additives with the use of novel Py-GC devices. Furthermore, it has been predicted that future advances in separation technology such as the use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography will further enhance the analytical scope of Py-GC

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Seguridad Laboral y Salud Ocupacional en los Hospitales del Ecuador

This research aims to analyze the importance that has focused on occupational health standards compliance to the prevention of accidents and risks the actions affecting labour and production, material handling, both chemists, physical, or biological; In addition to some aspects of security. The modern trend is directed precisely to consider them as management bodies, not only as advisors, as it was the orientation in its origins. Why integrate services operations, executive bodies of the first order for management that needs to be done. Accidents at work and occupational diseases are recognized legally in Ecuador, regulations that has its origin in conventions and international resolutions adopted by this country. The issue will be addressed from various approaches therefore need to converge in the implementation of several theoretical and empirical methods. Observation, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and historical-logical analysis, comparative studies, They converged as the methodological strategy, to conclude on some basic principles, as a contribution to the theme.La presente investigación pretende analizar la importancia que tiene el cumplimento de las normas en la salud ocupacional enfocado a la prevención de accidentes y riesgos las diferentes acciones que afectan en el trabajo y la producción, el manejo de materiales, tanto químicos, físicos, o biológicos; además de algunos aspectos de seguridad. La tendencia moderna está dirigida precisamente a considerarlos como órganos de gestión, no solamente como asesores, como era la orientación en sus orígenes. Por eso mismo integran los Servicios Operativos, órganos ejecutivos de primer orden para la gestión que se necesita realizar. Los accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales están reconocidos legalmente en el Ecuador, normativas que tiene su origen en convenios y resoluciones internacionales adoptadas por este país. El tema se abordará desde varios enfoques por lo tanto es necesario converger en la aplicación de varios métodos teóricos y empíricos. La observación, el análisis y la síntesis, la inducción y la deducción y el análisis histórico-lógico, estudios comparativos, convergieron como la estrategia metodológica, para concluir en algunos principios básicos, como aporte a el tema

Analysis of Mexican reference standards for Bursera spp. resins by Gas ChromatographyeMass Spectrometry and application to archaeological objects

International audienceCopal samples from two Aztec objects belonging to a collection of offerings found at Templo Mayor site were analyzed by GCeMS The first sample was part of an adhesive material found in the base of a ceremonial knife; the second sample comes from an amorphous artifact probably offered as spiritual material. In order to determine their botanical origin, resin samples from eight certified botanical species from Mexican Bursera were studied. The chromatographic study of their triterpenic composition allowed to establish a botanical origin related either to Bursera bipinnata or Bursera stenophylla species which triterpenic composition is identical. It is the first time that GCeMS analyzes were performed on samples from certified botanical origin of Mexican Bursera resins which aimed at getting an overview of the molecular composition and variability of copal resins and at establishing an analytical tool to characterize the botanical origin of archaeological samples

Kuluttajabarometri maakunnittain 2000, 2. neljännes

Suomen virallinen tilasto (SVT

Use of failure-to-rescue to identify international variation in postoperative care in low-, middle- and high-income countries: a 7-day cohort study of elective surgery

This was an investigator-initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by R.P. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London