The impact of the destination image and the information sources on the perception of the medical image of the country and the intention to visit it for medical purposes

Purpose- This paper intends to analyze the impact of the destination image and the information sources which are: 1 / word of mouth (Wom), 2 / electronic word of mouth (eWom) and 3 / commercial sources, on the medical image of a destination and the intention to visit it for medical purposes. Methodology/Design/Approach- An exploratory study was carried out with 247 people of different nationalities who have undergone surgery abroad or who are planning to do so. Three versions of the surveys were administered on Google Forms. The data were analyzed by the method of structural equations. Findings- The main results are: 1 / The image of the destination significantly influences the medical image and the intention to travel. 2 / The information sources that most help in choosing a medical destination are consecutively: 1/the eWom, 2/ the Wom, and 3/ the commercial sources. Whereas, the sources that have the most impact on intention to travel are 1/Wom and 2/eWom. Originality of the research- This research highlights the importance of reflecting a positive image of the whole country (safety, attractiveness, hospitality of the people, etc.) and not just promoting its medical image. The second contribution of this study is to show the importance of eWom, Wom and commercial sources in the country choice process

Discernement ou confusion ? Les préférences christologiques et ecclésiologiques du peuple d’Alexandrie (Ve-VIe siècles) d’après le Breviarium causae nestorianorum et eutychianorum de Liberatus de Carthage

Riche, mais mené de façon partisane, le travail d\u27enquête conduit par Liberatus à Alexandrie repose donc sur une conviction principale : il convient de maintenir le peuple du côté des enseignés, ne lui laisser de marge d\u27expression que celle du consentement encadré et et de s\u27assurer de la qualité doctrinale des enseignants. A ces conditions, la situation des Alexandrins demeure réversible même lorsqu\u27ils paraissent le plus en danger de perdition: que se dresse un énergique patriarche orthodoxe et sans délai les premières améliorations se manifestent. Le diacre témoigne ainsi d\u27une conception fortement cléricalisée de la réflexion théologique qui atteste également d\u27une différence de sensibilité entre Occident et Orient. Il est en effet peu sensible à la contribution des laïcs à l\u27approfondissement de foi, alors même qu\u27en espace grec, elle conserve une importance plus grande. De la sorte, l\u27Africain anticipe et conforte la dénonciation de l\u27adage vox populi, vox Dei dont on sait qu\u27il apparaît pour la première fois sous la plume d\u27Alcuin en 798 dans un contexte assez difficile à établir et pour mieux être fustigé. Reste que si l\u27on se dégage du parti-pris par Liberatus, l\u27information détaillée qu\u27il nous transmet permet d\u27apprécier certaines lignes de cohérence caractérisant l\u27attitude de la population alexandrine : attachée à une ligne miaphysite incarnée à ses yeux par Cyrille (quoi qu\u27en dise le Carthaginois) et par Dioscore, soucieuse de voir son archevêque la défendre, elle rejette toute forme d\u27emprise impériale sur la désignation inaugurale de son chef, au risque de la division en grouspucules ou de l\u27extrémisme polarisateur. Cela ne signifie pas qu\u27elle soit par principe hostile au pouvoir du basileus ou qu\u27elle exprime ainsi une irréductible opposition ethnico-nationale, comme on l\u27a un temps cru, mais bien qu\u27elle considère qu\u27en la matière, l\u27empereur, comme d\u27ailleurs les évêques de l\u27oekoumène, doit rallier l\u27enseignement miaphysite du patriarche qu\u27elle aura elle-même accrédité et acclamé.

Primary Productivity and Water Use of the Perennial Grass, Cenchrus Ciliaris, in Arid Environments

Cenchrus ciliaris is a perennial grass that may be suitable for the restoration of Rhanterium steppes (Chaieb et al., 1991). In this study, four Cenchrus ciliaris accessions from Tunisia from a range of climate and soil conditions, likely to vary in their adaptation to drought, were evaluated for productivity, rainuse-efficiency and reproductive output at Sfax in southern Tunisia. The suitability of these accessions for the restoration of Rhanterium steppes is considered

Pricing zero-coupon CAT bonds using the enlargement of ltration theory: a general framework

The main goal of this paper is to use the enlargement of ltration framework for pricing zerocoupon CAT bonds. For this purpose, we develop two models where the trigger event time is perfectly covered by an increasing sequence of stopping times with respect to a reference ltration. Hence, depending on the nature of these stopping times the trigger event time can be either accessible or totally inaccessible. When some of these stopping times are not predictable, the trigger event time is totally inaccessible, and very nice mathematical computations can be derived. When the stopping times are predictable, the trigger event time is accessible, and this case would be a meaningful choice for Model 1 from a practical point of view since features like seasonality are already captured by some quantities such as the stochastic intensity of the Poisson process. We compute the main tools for pricing the zero-coupon CAT bond and show that our constructions are more general than some existing models in the literature. We obtain some closed-form prices of zero-coupon CAT bonds in Model 2 so we give a numerical illustrative example for this latter.Comment: Journal of Mathematical Finance, Scientific Research, In pres

Intergenerational transmission of trajectories of suffering in precarious environments: researching the younger generations' strategies of reinterpretation

"This article discusses some pivotal questions regarding processes of the intergenerational transmission of trajectories of suffering in precarious places: to what extent can such processes provide resources that foster agency, and to what extent do they rather constitute barriers to living one's own life? How much do intergenerational relations allow for certain reinterpretations while discouraging or inhibiting others? Which reinterpretations of the older generations' experiences appear legitimate in certain contexts, and which are rebuked by one's social environment? In order to pursue these questions we present analyses of two very different cases that are based on two forms of data material - the life story of Emma, a woman in her 50s, and ethno-analytic group interviews with adolescents aged 14 to 20. Both cases are embedded in very different regional and political contexts: the former, in the French system of fostering institutions, and the latter a Palestinian refugee camp in the West Bank. Both constitute, however, cases of intergenerational transmission of trajectories of suffering. One objective of this article is to illustrate how the contrasting of such cases across different kinds of data and contexts can be heuristically useful for methodologically gauging the spectrum of the ubiquitous and sometimes paradoxical phenomena of intergenerational transmission, in order to further develop its conceptualization." (author's abstract

Mise Au Point Des Techniques De Micropropagation Pour Une Multiplication Massive De Gladiolus Segetum Et Gladiolus Dubius

Apical buds of corms of gladiolus (Gladiolus segetum and Gladiolus dubius) were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with IBA 0.1 mg.l-1 and BA 2 mg.l-1. The number of newly formed buds was 3,8 and 4,13 buds per explants for respectively Gladiolus segetum and Gladiolus dubius. The in vitro Rooting need a supplement with auxin and sucrose. Rooting is not present in the control medium. The rate of rooting varied from 10 to 36%, depending on the species and the concentration of IBA in the medium. The Important rooting (36%) is observed for Gladiolus segetum in the presence of IBA 1 mg.l -1. Finally, the acclimatization is possible, these shoots rooted have formed many corms after 6 weeks of culture

Benzylthiouracil-Induced Glomerulonephritis

Vasculitis is a rare complication of antithyroid drugs (ATDs). It was first described with Propylthiouracil (PTU). We report a new case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis with glomerulonephritis induced by Benzylthiouracile (BTU). A 50-year-old man with Graves disease treated with BTU developed general malaise and haematuria without skin rash or respiratory involvement. Laboratory data revealed acute renal failure with proteinuria and haematuria. An indirect immunofluorescence test for ANCA was positive, showing a perinuclear pattern with specificity antimyeloperoxidase (MPO). A renal biopsy was performed and revealed pauci-immune extracapillary glomerular nephropathy and necrotic vasculitis lesions. Based on these findings we concluded to the diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with ANCA induced by BTU therapy. The drug was therefore discontinued and the patient was treated with steroids and immunosuppressive treatment during 3 months. Renal failure, proteinuria and haematuria significantly improved within 2 months. However, P-ANCA remained positive until 10 months after drug withdrawal. Thyroid function was kept within normal range using iodine solution. We demonstrated clearly that BTU may induce severe forms of vasculitis with glomerulonephritis. Thus, the ANCA must be measured when confronted to systemic manifestation during treatment