[Review of] Vi Hilbert, tr. and ed. Haboo: Native American Stories from Puget Sound

Vi Hilbert, a Skagit Indian of the Northern Lushootseed of Western Washington, has collected and edited thirty-three fine examples of Salish oral literature. As an instructor in Lushootseed Salish language and literature at the University of Washington, she has had excellent opportunities to collect material and work out a presentational form in English. This volume collects stories from the Myth Age with special emphasis on Raven, Mink and Coyote stories. These stories, largely light and humorous, explore the actions of beings with human and animal characteristics who existed before the world was transformed into the world we see today. Hilbert stresses the way in which the stories teach the important values of her culture through negative demonstration

The rapidity structure of Mach cones and other large angle correlations in heavy-ion collisions

The pattern of angular correlations of hadrons with a (semi-)hard trigger hadron in heavy-ion collisions has attracted considerable interest. In particular, unexpected large angle structures on the away side (opposite to the trigger) have been found. Several explanations have been brought forward, among them Mach shockwaves and Cherenkov radiation. Most of these scenarios are characterized by radial symmetry around the parton axis, thus angular correlations also determine the rapidity dependence of the correlation. If the observed correlations are remnants of an away side parton after interaction with the medium created in the collision, pQCD allows to calculate the distribution $P(y)$ of the away side partons in rapidity. The measured correlation then arises as a folding of $P(y)$ and the rapidity structure of the correlation taking into account the detector acceptance. This places non-trivial and rather stringent constraints on the underlying scenario. We investigate these dependences and demonstrate that Mach shockwaves survive this folding procedure well whereas Cherenkov radiation scenarios face new challenges.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in Phys. Lett.

Water Quality Trading and Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: An Analysis of the Effectiveness and Fairness of EPA's Policy on Water Quality Trading

Water quality problems continue to plague our nation, even though Congress passed the Clean Water Act (CWA) to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters"1 more than three decades ago. During the past thirty years, the dominant sources of water pollution have changed, requiring us to seek new approaches for cleaning up our waters. Water quality trading has been heralded as an approach that can integrate market mechanisms into the effort of cleaning up our water. This Article examines the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) policy on water quality trading and the prospects for water quality trading to help improve water quality.Part II briefly describes our water quality problems and causes. Part III examines the theoretical basis for trading and the EPA's Water Quality Trading Policy. Part IV discusses the potential impact of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) on water quality trading, and Part V analyzes potential problems that water quality trading programs confront. Part VI addresses distributional and efficiency concerns that arise when considering trading and agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Part VII then examines issues relating to water quality trading and state laws before reaching conclusions and recommendations in Part VIII

Reducibility of polynomials f(x,y)f(x,y) modulo pp

We consider absolutely irreducible polynomials $f \in Z[x,y]$ with $\deg_x(f)=m$, $\deg_y(f)=n$ and height $H$. We show that for any prime $p$ with $p>c_{mn} H^{2mn+n-1}$ the reduction $f \bmod p$ is also absolutely irreducible. Furthermore if the Bouniakowsky conjecture is true we show that there are infinitely many absolutely irreducible polynomials $f \in Z[x,y]$ which are reducible mod $p$ where $p$ is a prime with $p>H^{2m}$.Comment: Latex, 7 page

Fungal alkaloid occurrence during seedling establishment and early growth in Lolium perenne seedlings infected with Epichloë festucae var. lolii and the influence of adult Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) feeding on alkaloid concentrations : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Agriculture Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë often form stable, symbiotic, and mutualistic relationships with grasses of the Pooideae, including perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The endophyte provides various benefits to its grass host, through the production of secondary metabolites, which are exploited in New Zealands pastoral agriculture systems. The endophyte can give its host grass an ecological advantage in certain challenging environments, such as during seedling establishment, where young plants are especially vulnerable to insect predation, such as feeding by adult Argentine stem weevil (ASW, Listronotus bonariensis). This thesis focuses on understanding the alkaloid concentrations that occur in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass seedlings during the early establishment phase. A glasshouse experiment was conducted in which fungal alkaloid concentrations (peramine, lolitrem B, ergovaline, and epoxy-janthitrems) were measured in perennial ryegrass seedlings infected with Epichloë festucae var. lolii strains AR1, AR37, NEA2, and NZCT for 69 days after sowing. From the data it is inferred that an initial translocation of alkaloids stored in seed during maturation into the developing shoot of the germinating seedling occurs, followed by a period of alkaloid dilution due to seedling expansion, and finally production of newly metabolised alkaloids in the plant. Alkaloid concentration were found to peak in 8–10 day old seedlings, giving the seedling a “kick start” in protection of the emerging seedling from adult ASW feeding during the first 11 days after sowing. The influence of adult ASW feeding on alkaloid concentrations in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass seedlings was also tested. The study demonstrated that adult ASW feeding can influence alkaloid production, although peramine, the main alkaloid responsible for ASW deterrence was not significantly affected. Findings from this thesis improve understanding of the role of fungal alkaloids in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass seedlings during establishment, and help explain results from earlier studies describing seedling susceptibility to adult ASW

Unemployment insurance in Algeria : implications for a labor market in transition

To predict how Algeria's unemployment crisis will evolve, the author evaluates the Algerian unemployment insurance system's ability to finance itself, to affect employment decisions, and promote enterprise restructuring. The main conclusion is that industrial restructuring has serious and persistent implications for the labor market. In an environment where many equilibria are possible, there is a real danger of reaching a high unemployment equilibrium. The big-bang experience of structural adjustment in Central and Eastern Europe transition economies resulted in large-scale unemployment. Despite considerable restructuring progress, structural rigidities still exist in the labor market, and long-term unemployment has persisted. One advantage of the big-bang approach is adjustment speed, but the resulting unemployment may be too costly for Algeria's economy, especially if it persists. A more modern mixed bang approach would incorporate active employment measures to mitigate entrenched unemployment. The policies will maintain or enhance human capital through work, so idle workers don't lose their skills. Flex-time arrangements would help workers maintain an attachment to the labor force. However minor, such work would help workers avoid the traps of long-term unemployment. Two striking conclusions emerge from the Central and Eastern European experience: a) unemployment is not essential to enterprise restructuring and labor market adjustment;and b) growing long-term unemployment is self-fulfilling and results in higher and persistence unemployment. Although active employment measures are costly and have relatively low rates of return in the short run, they can be marginally effective as part of a long-term strategy.Health Economics&Finance,Labor Policies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Markets,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Markets,Economic Theory&Research,Health Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform

Reply to 'Comment on: 'Non-perturbative finite T broadening of the rho meson and dilepton emission in heavy ion-collisions''

Nota bene: the numerical calculation underlying Version 1 of this reply and the original work Phys.Rev. C71:064903,2005 contains a basic numerical error (wrong factor in the self-energy formulas of Phys. Rev.C71:064903,2005). This renders the numerical results presented there and in Version 1 of the reply invalid and enforces a careful reinvestigation of Phys. Rev.C71:064903,2005 and the reply. Calculations for an erratum of Phys. Rev. C71:064903,2005 are in progress.Comment: The numerical calculation underlying Version 1 of this reply and the original work Phys.Rev. C71:064903,2005 contains a basic numerical error (wrong factor in the self-energy formulas of Phys. Rev.C71:064903,2005). This renders the numerical results presented there and in Version 1 of the reply invalid and enforces a careful reinvestigation of Phys. Rev.C71:064903,2005 and the reply. Calculations for an erratum of Phys. Rev. C71:064903,2005 are in progres