Estrategia empresarial en la negociación contractual en una empresa del estado de Querétaro

Se analiza la estrategia utilizada por una empresa maquiladora del estado de Querétaro, dedicada al moldeo de piezas de polímero para la industria, en su proceso de negociación con el sindicato para flexibilizar el contrato colectivo de trabajo, con la finalidad de ampliar sus posibilidades competitivas en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Se revisan las implicaciones subjetivas en los distintos momentos del conflicto, el acuerdo final, el impacto en las relaciones laborales de la empresa y la postura de los actores frente a la decisión adoptada. Se recurrió a la revisión de documentos de la empresa. El trabajo de campo consistió en visitas a la planta, asistiendo a reuniones de los gerentes y asambleas del gerente general con los trabajadores. Se entrevistó a los diversos actores para reconstruir la dinámica de la negociación e interpretar sus interacciones subjetivas.This work analyses a strategy used in Queretaro by an assembly plant, which molds polymer pieces for the industry, in its process of negotiation with the working union to make collective bargaining agreement flexible for the workers, with the purpose to widen the competitive possibilities of the plant in the national and international markets. Subjective implications were reviewed in the different moments of conflict, the final agreement, the impact in the working relations of the enterprise and the roles of the participants when facing the decision making. The documents of the enterprise were revised. The field work consisted in visits to the plant, attendance to the board meetings and gatherings where the general CEO and the workers met. The participants were interviewed in order to reconstruct the negotiation dynamic so the subjective interactions could be interpreted

Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Opening for the Implementation of a Blended Learning Modality in the Chemistry Class at High School Level

The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV2 virus, known as COVID-19 brought with it a series of challenges for educational and teaching institutions, since, from one moment to the next, the need for a massive migration from face-to-face education to online education, using educational technological tools, however, is considered that it is necessary to restructure teaching and implement a blenden learning model, which is characterized by the integration of various pedagogical and didactic resources in face-to-face and virtual environments to achieve meaningful learning through the construction of knowledge in subjects that are the basis for many careers in the health sciences such as Chemistry. The objective of this study was to analyze the relevance of implementing a hybrid model in education at the high school level in the Chemistry class, through the incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies as educational tools. According to the results, the implementation of a b-learning model is an alternative strategy for the teaching-learning of Chemistry and, at the same time, makes it possible to reduce the health risk that situations such as contagion by COVID-19 or other potentially communicable diseases, since this model allows students to take classes virtually, and simultaneously in person, following contingency measures

Efectos psicosociales de la violencia en Zacatecas

The results of an investigation are presented that aimed to know the main psychosocial problems that occur in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico; The argument is that the escalation of violence that is being experienced is affecting the living conditions of the entire population. For this, the necessary information was collected to contextualize the phenomenon, achieving the identification of the main effects that have been occurring: depression, addictions and suicides, have the highest incidence. incidence.It is concluded that mental health and violence constitute a fragmented universe that negatively affects social behaviors. It also shows the lack of public policies and adequate budgets to generate specific care programs in the field of mental health, to reduce the harmful effects of violence.Keywords: mental health, depression, suicideSe presentan resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo conocer las principales problemáticas de orden psicosocial que se producen en el estado de Zacatecas, México; el argumento es que, la escalada de violencia que se vive está afectando las condiciones de vida de toda la población. Para ello, se recabó la información necesaria para contextualizar el fenómeno, logrando la identificación de los principales efectos que se viene produciendo: depresión, adicciones y suicidios, presentan la mayor incidencia. incidencia. Se concluye que salud mental y violencia constituyen un universo fragmentado que incide negativamente en las conductas sociales. También se muestra la falta de políticas públicas y presupuestos adecuados para generar programas de atención específica en el campo de la salud mental, para disminuir los nocivos efectos de la violencia. Palabras clave: salud mental, depresión, suicidi

Predictores de los Indicadores de adiposidad corporal por edad cronológica y biológica en niños y adolescentes que residen en el sur de Chile

Introduction: The aims of this study were to identify the skin folds that predict the indicators of body adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI] and waist circumference [CC]), as well as to analyze if the indicators of body adiposity should be evaluated by chronological and/or biological age.Material and Methods: 131 children and adolescents (76 men and 55 women) were studied. The age range ranged between 6.0 and 14.9 years. Weight, standing height, sitting height, waist circumference were evaluated. The BMI and the peak growth rate years were calculated. The nutritional status categories were determined by BMI and CC according to the cut-off points of the CDC-2012.Results: The four folds used (tricipital, bicipital, suprailiac and calf) explained the BMI from 38 to 58% in men and women from 38 to 72%. The power of explanation for CC in men was 30 to 56% and in women from 27 to 53%. The chronological age explained the BMI and CC in men from 0.08 to 37% and in women from 15 to 17%. The biological age explained BMI and CC in men from 11 to 44% and in women from 21 to 24%.Conclusions: The suprailiac fold appears as the best predictor of BMI and CC in both sexes. The analysis of both indicators must be carried out by biological age rather than by chronological age.Introducción: Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron identificar los pliegues cutáneos que predicen los indicadores de adiposidad corporal (Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura [CC]), así como analizar si los indicadores de adiposidad corporal deben ser evaluados por edad cronológica y/o biológica.Material y Métodos: Se estudió a 131 niños y adolescentes (76 hombres y 55 mujeres). El rango de edad osciló entre 6,0 hasta 14,9 años. Se evaluó el peso, estatura de pie, estatura sentada, circunferencia de la cintura. Se calculó el IMC y los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento. Se determinaron las categorías del estado nutricional por IMC y CC de acuerdo a los puntos de corte del CDC-2012.Resultados: Los cuatro pliegues utilizados (tricipital, bicipital, suprailíaco y pantorrilla) explicaron el IMC desde 38 a 58% en hombres y en mujeres desde 38 a 72%. El poder de explicación para la CC en hombres fue de 30 a 56% y en mujeres desde 27 a 53%. La edad cronológica explicó el IMC y la CC en hombres desde 0,08 a 37% y en mujeres desde 15 a 17%. La edad biológica explicó el IMC y CC en hombres desde 11 a 44% y en mujeres desde 21 a 24%.Conclusiones: El pliegue suprailíaco se perfila como el mejor predictor del IMC y la CC en ambos sexos. El análisis de ambos indicadores debe ser efectuado por edad biológica antes que por edad cronológica

Reference norms for evaluating maximum expiratory flow of children and adolescents of the Maule Region in Chile

Background The norms for evaluating the maximum expiratory flow (MEF) usually are developed according to chronological age and height. However, to date, little research has been conducted using reference values that take into account the temporal changes of biological maturation. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare the MEF with those of other international studies, (b) align the MEF values with chronological and biological age, and (c) propose reference standards for children and adolescents. Methods The sample studied consisted of 3,566 students of both sexes (1,933 males and 1,633 females) ranging in age from 5.0 to 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, and sitting height were measured. Body mass index was calculated. Biological maturation was predicted by using age of peak height velocity growth (APHV). MEF (L/min) was obtained by using a forced expiratory manoeuvre. Percentiles were calculated using the LMS method. Results and Discussion Predicted APHV was at age 14.77 ± 0.78 years for males and for females at age 12.74 ± 1.0 years. Biological age was more useful than chronological age for assessing MEF in both sexes. Based on these findings, regional percentiles were created to diagnose and monitor the risk of asthma and the general expiratory status of paediatric populations

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research