Manejo de residuos sólidos mediante la investigación como estrategia pedagógica apoyada en TIC

Abstract With the advance of the globalization the production of solid residues has increased in a considerable way affecting in a considerable way the environment, for such a reason the study had as aim promote the managing of solid residues by means of the investigation as pedagogic strategy rested on TIC. Methodologically it was orientated from the qualitative approach by a descriptive design, using technologies of compilation of information as observation participant and field diary. The unit of analysis was shaped by eighty (80) students of fourth and fifth degree of the IED San Jose Sedate Girls' Urban School. The principal findings of the investigation stopped as evidence that across the implementation of the IEP rested on TIC the students sensitized opposite to the problematics of environmental pollution, they learned on the managing, compilation and classification of solid residues. Keywords: solid waste, research as a pedagogical strategy, information technology and communication.Resumen Con el avance de la globalización la producción de residuos sólidos ha aumentado de manera considerable afectando de manera considerable el medio ambiente, por tal razón el estudio tuvo como objetivo fomentar el manejo de residuos sólidos mediante la investigación como estrategia pedagógica apoyada en TIC. Metodológicamente estuvo orientado desde el enfoque cualitativo con un diseño descriptivo, utilizando técnicas de recolección de información como observación participante y diario de campo. La unidad de análisis estuvo conformada por ochenta (80) estudiantes de cuarto y quinto grado de la IED San José Sede Escuela Urbana de Niñas. Los principales hallazgos de la investigación dejaron como evidencia que a través de la implementación de la IEP apoyada en TIC los estudiantes se sensibilizaron frente a la problemática de contaminación ambiental, aprendieron sobre el manejo, recolección y clasificación de residuos sólidos. Palabras clave: residuos sólidos, investigación como estrategia pedagógica, tecnología de la información y comunicación.   &nbsp

Manejo de residuos sólidos mediante la investigación como estrategia pedagógica apoyada en TIC

Abstract With the advance of the globalization the production of solid residues has increased in a considerable way affecting in a considerable way the environment, for such a reason the study had as aim promote the managing of solid residues by means of the investigation as pedagogic strategy rested on TIC. Methodologically it was orientated from the qualitative approach by a descriptive design, using technologies of compilation of information as observation participant and field diary. The unit of analysis was shaped by eighty (80) students of fourth and fifth degree of the IED San Jose Sedate Girls' Urban School. The principal findings of the investigation stopped as evidence that across the implementation of the IEP rested on TIC the students sensitized opposite to the problematics of environmental pollution, they learned on the managing, compilation and classification of solid residues. Keywords: solid waste, research as a pedagogical strategy, information technology and communication.Resumen Con el avance de la globalización la producción de residuos sólidos ha aumentado de manera considerable afectando de manera considerable el medio ambiente, por tal razón el estudio tuvo como objetivo fomentar el manejo de residuos sólidos mediante la investigación como estrategia pedagógica apoyada en TIC. Metodológicamente estuvo orientado desde el enfoque cualitativo con un diseño descriptivo, utilizando técnicas de recolección de información como observación participante y diario de campo. La unidad de análisis estuvo conformada por ochenta (80) estudiantes de cuarto y quinto grado de la IED San José Sede Escuela Urbana de Niñas. Los principales hallazgos de la investigación dejaron como evidencia que a través de la implementación de la IEP apoyada en TIC los estudiantes se sensibilizaron frente a la problemática de contaminación ambiental, aprendieron sobre el manejo, recolección y clasificación de residuos sólidos. Palabras clave: residuos sólidos, investigación como estrategia pedagógica, tecnología de la información y comunicación.   &nbsp

Against the Odds: Hybrid Zones between Mangrove Killifish Species with Different Mating Systems

Different mating systems are expected to affect the extent and direction of hybridization. Due to the different levels of sexual conflict, the weak inbreeder/strong outbreeder (WISO) hypothesis predicts that gametes from self-incompatible (SI) species should outcompete gametes from self-compatible (SC) ones. However, other factors such as timing of selfing and unilateral incompatibilities may also play a role on the direction of hybridization. In addition, differential mating opportunities provided by different mating systems are also expected to affect the direction of introgression in hybrid zones involving outcrossers and selfers. Here, we explored these hypotheses with a unique case of recent hybridization between two mangrove killifish species with different mating systems, Kryptolebias ocellatus (obligately outcrossing) and K. hermaphroditus (predominantly self-fertilizing) in two hybrid zones in southeast Brazil. Hybridization rates were relatively high (~20%), representing the first example of natural hybridization between species with different mating systems in vertebrates. All F1 individuals were sired by the selfing species. Backcrossing was small, but mostly asymmetrical with the SI parental species, suggesting pattern commonly observed in plant hybrid zones with different mating systems. Our findings shed light on how contrasting mating systems may affect the direction and extent of gene flow between sympatric species, ultimately affecting the evolution and maintenance of hybrid zones

Cannabis sativa and the endogenous cannabinoid system: therapeutic potential for appetite regulation

The herb Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) has been used in China and on the Indian subcontinent for thousands of years as a medicine. However, since it was brought to the UK and then the rest of the western world in the late 19th century, its use has been a source of controversy. Indeed, its psychotropic side effects are well reported but only relatively recently has scientific endeavour begun to find valuable uses for either the whole plant or its individual components. Here, we discuss evidence describing the endocannabinoid system, its endogenous and exogenous ligands and their varied effects on feeding cycles and meal patterns. Furthermore we also critically consider the mounting evidence which suggests non‐tetrahydrocannabinol phytocannabinoids play a vital role in C. sativa‐induced feeding pattern changes. Indeed, given the wide range of phytocannabinoids present in C. sativa and their equally wide range of intra‐, inter‐ and extra‐cellular mechanisms of action, we demonstrate that non‐Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol phytocannabinoids retain an important and, as yet, untapped clinical potential

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe