Esperança no Contexto da Gravidez de Risco: contributo para o estudo da esperança no processo gravídico de risco médico, psicológico e social

O presente estudo tem como objectivo principal aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a esperança na gravidez de risco, através de um estudo quantitativo e transversal, com dois grupos (grupo de mulheres grávidas com sinalização de risco médico, psicológico e social; grupo de mulheres grávidas sem risco). Pretende-se analisar o impacto que a presença de risco implica ao nível da esperança, bem como explorar as variáveis sociodemográficas e familiares que influenciam significativamente a esperança nos dois grupos. A amostra foi recolhida na Maternidade Bissaya Barreto, em Coimbra. É constituída por 196 grávidas, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 43 anos. Os níveis de esperança das grávidas foram avaliados através da aplicação da Escala de Esperança no Futuro. Os resultados indicam que grávidas com presença de risco apresentam valores inferiores de esperança, apenas na sub escala iniciativa. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos níveis de esperança consoante o tipo de risco (médico, psicológico, social). Do conjunto de variáveis especificamente relacionadas com a gravidez, aquele que revelou maior impacto na esperança foi o carácter planeado ou acidental da gravidez. Foram identificadas diferenças nos níveis de esperança consoante as habilitações literárias, estado civil, coabitação com o cônjuge, rendimentos mensais, (des)emprego, número de desafios enfrentados e presença de apoios institucionais. Os resultados deste estudo constituem um contributo para a compreensão teórica da vivência da gravidez e para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção em situações de risco. / This study aims to expand the knowledge about hope in situations of pregnancy risk, through a quantitative and cross-sectional study with two groups (group of pregnant women with signs of medical, psychological and social risk; group of pregnant women without risk). We intend to analyze the impact that presence of risk implies to the levels of hope experienced, and to explore sociodemographic and family variables that significantly influence hope in both groups. The sample was collected in Bissaya Barreto Maternity, in Coimbra. It is composed 196 pregnant women, aged 18 to 43 years. Levels of hope were evaluated by applying the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The results indicate that women whose pregnancy has an associated risk have lower values of hope, but only in the initiative subscale. No differences were found in hope levels depending on the kind of risk (medical, psychological, social). The variable specifically related to pregnancy, which revealed a more significant impact on hope, was the planned or accidental nature of pregnancy. Differences were found in levels of hope depending on qualifications, marital status, cohabitation with spouse, monthly income, (un)employment, number of challenges faced and the presence of institutional support. The results of this study represent a contribution to the theoretical understanding of pregnancy and to the development of more effective intervention strategies in risk situations

Esperança no Contexto da Gravidez de Risco: contributo para o estudo da esperança no processo gravídico de risco médico, psicológico e social

O presente estudo tem como objectivo principal aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a esperança na gravidez de risco, através de um estudo quantitativo e transversal, com dois grupos (grupo de mulheres grávidas com sinalização de risco médico, psicológico e social; grupo de mulheres grávidas sem risco). Pretende-se analisar o impacto que a presença de risco implica ao nível da esperança, bem como explorar as variáveis sociodemográficas e familiares que influenciam significativamente a esperança nos dois grupos. A amostra foi recolhida na Maternidade Bissaya Barreto, em Coimbra. É constituída por 196 grávidas, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 43 anos. Os níveis de esperança das grávidas foram avaliados através da aplicação da Escala de Esperança no Futuro. Os resultados indicam que grávidas com presença de risco apresentam valores inferiores de esperança, apenas na subescala iniciativa. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos níveis de esperança consoante o tipo de risco (médico, psicológico, social). Do conjunto de variáveis especificamente relacionadas com a gravidez, aquele que revelou maior impacto na esperança foi o carácter planeado ou acidental da gravidez. Foram identificadas diferenças nos níveis de esperança consoante as habilitações literárias, estado civil, coabitação com o cônjuge, rendimentos mensais, (des)emprego, número de desafios enfrentados e presença de apoios institucionais. Os resultados deste estudo constituem um contributo para a compreensão teórica da vivência da gravidez e para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção em situações de risco. / This study aims to expand the knowledge about hope in situations of pregnancy risk, through a quantitative and cross-sectional study with two groups (group of pregnant women with signs of medical, psychological and social risk; group of pregnant women without risk). We intend to analyze the impact that presence of risk implies to the levels of hope experienced, and to explore sociodemographic and family variables that significantly influence hope in both groups. The sample was collected in Bissaya Barreto Maternity, in Coimbra. It is composed 196 pregnant women, aged 18 to 43 years. Levels of hope were evaluated by applying the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The results indicate that women whose pregnancy has an associated risk have lower values of hope, but only in the initiative subscale. No differences were found in hope levels depending on the kind of risk (medical, psychological, social). The variable specifically related to pregnancy, which revealed a more significant impact on hope, was the planned or accidental nature of pregnancy. Differences were found in levels of hope depending on qualifications, marital status, cohabitation with spouse, monthly income, (un)employment, number of challenges faced and the presence of institutional support. The results of this study represent a contribution to the theoretical understanding of pregnancy and to the development of more effective intervention strategies in risk situations

IDE-OTALEX C - primeira IIG transfronteiriça: desenvolvimento, desafios e sustentabilidade.

O Projecto OTALEX foi financiado pelo programa europeu INTERREG IIIA e teve como objectivos estudar e dar a conhecer a realidade de um território, composto pelas regiões do Alentejo em Portugal e da Extremadura em Espanha, separadas convencionalmente pela fronteira administrativa mas unidas pelas suas características físicas, ambientais, sociais e económicas. Tratam-se de espaços rurais de baixa densidade demográfica onde os recursos naturais, culturais e a qualidade do ambiente constituem os seus atractivos fundamentais. A IDE OTALEX é o resultado do esforço, do compromisso e da colaboração entre instituições da fronteira, com implicação aos três níveis administrativos: Nacional, Regional e Local. Apresentam-se os trabalhos de homogeneização e estandartização de dados territoriais do Alentejo e da Extremadura, através de clientes de visualização de mapas, consulta de topónimos e de catálogo, no âmbito da directiva INSPIRE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.