A multidisciplinary study of a syntectonic pluton close to a major lithospheric-scale fault: relationships between the Montmarault granitic massif and the Sillon Houiller Fault in the Variscan French Massif Central. Part II: Gravity, aeromagnetic investigations and 3D geologic modeling.

International audienceNew gravity and aeromagnetic investigations have been carried out to understand the emplacement mechanisms of a granitic pluton and the relationships with a nearby lithospheric-scale fault. This paper concerns the second part of a methodological multidisciplinary study and complements previous geochronologic and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) studies on the same pluton. In the northern part of the Variscan French Massif Central (FMC), the Montmarault massif crops out along the Sillon Houiller Fault (SHF). Bouguer and aeromagnetic anomaly maps imply thickening of the pluton along the SHF and suggest laccolitic spreading northwestwards. Based on petrophysical measurements, direct 2D joint gravity and magnetic modeling has been performed along 10 cross-sections. In order to quantitatively constrain the 3D pluton geometry and its relationships with surrounding geologic units, these geophysical cross-sections, new structural information (field and AMS measurements) and petrophysical data have been integrated into a regional 3D geological and geophysical model. Altogether, the results obtained from geochronology, petro-magnetic fabrics (Part I), gravity and aeromagnetic investigations as well as 3D modeling (Part II), demonstrate that the Montmarault pluton was emplaced during the Namurian period along the SHF. Our results further show that, at that time, in response to a NW-SE regional extension, if the SHF existed, it behaved as a normal fault. Mylonites attesting for synmagmatic normal motion on the northeastern part of the Montmarault pluton strengthen this tectonic scheme. During the Late Carboniferous, the FMC experienced NE-SW extension along the SHF by 80 km of brittle left lateral wrench offset. This second tectonic event is well recorded in the Stephanian coal basins which were formed along NW- SE listric brittle faults and constrain the present-day shape of the Montmarault pluton

Mantle and crustal sources in the genesis of late-hercynian granitoids (NW Portugal) : geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic constraints

Large volumes of granitoids were emplaced in the Hercynian Central Iberian Zone during the last ductile deformation phase (D3, 300-320 Ma). The biotite-rich granitoids are the most abundant: (1) syn-D3 granodiorites-monzogranites (313-319 Ma) with calc-alkaline and aluminopotassic affinities; (2) late-D3 granodiorites-monzogranites (306-311 Ma), related to subalkaline and aluminopotassic series. These granitoids are associated with coeval gabbro-norite to granodiorite bodies and/or mafic microgranular enclaves. Both granitoids and basic-intermediate rocks show petrological, geochemical and isotopic evidence of interaction between felsic and mafic magmas. The mantle-derived melts, represented by shoshonitic gabbro-norites, were probably derived from an enriched and isotopically homogeneous source (Srl = 0.7049 to 0.7053, eNd= -2.1 to -2.5). In some syn- and late-D3 plutons there are evidences of essentially crustal granites, represented by moderately peraluminous monzogranites of aluminopotassic affinity. They have similar Nd model ages (1.4 Ga) but different isotopic compositions (Srl = 0.7089 to 0.7106, eNd= -5.6 to -6.8), revealing a heterogeneous crust. Potential protoliths are metasedimentary (immature sediments) and/or fclsic meta-igneous lower crust materials. Large amounts of hybrid magmas were generated by the interaction of these coeval mantle- and crust-derived liquids, giving rise to slightly peraluminous monzogranites/granodiorites of calc-alkaline and subalkaline affinities, which display more depleted isotopic compositions than the crustal end-members (Sr, = 0.7064 to 0.7085, eNd = -4.4 to -6.2). Petrogenetic processes involving mingling and/or mixing and fractional crystallization (at variable degrees) in multiple reservoirs are suggested. A major crustal growth event occurred in late-Hercynian times (305-320 Ma) related to the input of juvenile mantle magmas and leading to the genesis of composite calc-alkaline and subalkaline plutons, largely represented in the Central Iberian Zone.Financial support was provided by FCT (project PRAXIS 2/2.1/391/94), France-Portugal Scientific Cooperation Programs and by the University of Minho

Late orogenic carboniferous extensions in the Variscan French Massif Central

International audienceThe Variscan French Massif Central experienced two successive stages of extension from Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian. In the northern Massif Central, the first stage began in the late Visean, immediately after nappe stacking, and is well recorded by Namurian-Westphalian synkinematic plutonism. The Middle Carboniferous leucogranites widespread in the NW Massif Central (Limousin and Sioule area) were emplaced within a crust extending along a NE-SW direction. At the same time, the hanging wall or "Guéret extensional allochton" moved toward the SE. Several examples of the synextensional plutonism are also recognized in central Limousin: Saint Mathieu dome, La Porcherie, and Cornil leucogranites. These examples illustrate the relationship between granite emplacement and crustal scale deformation characterized by NW-SE stretching and NE-SW shortening. In the central and southern Massif Central (Cévennes, Châtaigneraie, and Margeride areas), plutonism is dominantly granodioritic and exhibits the same structural features: NW-SE maximum stretching and overturning to the SE. Middle Carboniferous (Namurian-Westphalian) extension was parallel to the Variscan belt both in the Massif Central and southern Armorican area. This extensional regime was active from the late Visean in the north, while compression dominated in the southernmost domains (Montagne Noire and Pyrenées). The second extensional stage occurred from Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. This event was responsible for the opening of intramontane coal basins, brittle deformation in the upper crust, and ductile normal faulting localized on the margin of cordierite granite-migmatite domes. Data from the coal basins show that the half-graben is the dominant structural style, except for basins located along submeridianal left-lateral faults which have pull-apart geometries. Late Carboniferous extension occurred along the NE-SW direction. The NE-SW maximum stretching direction can be found in the whole Massif Central but is more developed in the eastern part. The extensional direction is transverse to the general trend of the belt, and top-to-the-NE shearing is dominant. Correlations of these two extension directions with neighboring Variscan massifs are discussed

ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma a

ARIA 2016:Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (3) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders that could be used globally for all countries and populations. ARIA-disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally-is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways for the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group and by patients themselves. An app (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton–proton collisions at the LHC

This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy. The measurement of the position and size of the luminous region and its use as a constraint to improve the primary vertex resolution are discussed. A longitudinal vertex position resolution of about 30μm is achieved for events with high multiplicity of reconstructed tracks. The transverse position resolution is better than 20μm and is dominated by the precision on the size of the luminous region. An analytical model is proposed to describe the primary vertex reconstruction efficiency as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing and of the longitudinal size of the luminous region. Agreement between the data and the predictions of this model is better than 3% up to seventy interactions per bunch crossing

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good