Alien Registration- Summerson, George (Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35846/thumbnail.jp

The cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations to iso-caloric moderate intensity and high intensity exercise

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized nations, and accounts for 1 million deaths in the United States each year (McArdle, Katch & Katch, 1991). One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is physical inactivity, which is a behavioral modified risk factor. Physical inactivity plagues 59% of the people in the United States (ACSM Resource Manual, 1998). Physical inactivity often leads to obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholemia, and places sedentary individuals at more risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), or coronary heart disease (CHD). The question which remains unclear is the quantity and quality of physical activity needed to acquire a health related quality of life and physical fitness. Exercise and/or physical activity has been divided into two categories, depending on the goal of the individual. The quality of leisure time physical activity is most often assessed by energy expenditure, where as the second category, cardiorespiratory fitness, is measured by the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations to the intensity, frequency and duration of the exercise. Both leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely related to CHD (Berlin & Colditz, 1990; Powell, Thompson, Caspersen & Kendrick, 1987). Leisure time physical activity may reduce the chance for chronic disease and improve metabolic function; nonetheless, it may not improve cardiovascular fitness. It is important to 2 note that cardiorespiratory fit men, in a study by Hein, Suadicani and Gumtelberg (1992), had a 67% and 78% lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in comparison to the unfit

Effects of harvesting methods on sustainability of a bay scallop fishery: dredging uproots seagrass and displaces recruits

Fishing is widely recognized to have profound effects on estuarine and marine ecosystems (Hammer and Jansson, 1993; Dayton et al., 1995). Intense commercial and recreational harvest of valuable species can result in population collapses of target and nontarget species (Botsford et al., 1997; Pauly et al., 1998; Collie et al. 2000; Jackson et al., 2001). Fishing gear, such as trawls and dredges, that are dragged over the seafloor inflict damage to the benthic habitat (Dayton et al., 1995; Engel and Kvitek, 1995; Jennings and Kaiser, 1998; Watling and Norse, 1998). As the growing human population, over-capitalization, and increasing government subsidies of fishing place increasing pressures on marine resources (Myers, 1997), a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which fishing affects coastal systems is required to craft sustainable fisheries management

Some Observations on Electron Micrographs of Quartz Sand Grains

Author Institution: Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210Electron micrographs of sand grains from southern Piedmont saprolites, temperate and polar glacial deposits, and the St. Peter Sandstone are presented. Sand-grain surface features of saprolite grains are described for the first time and from these some concept of the initial surface of a quartz sand grain is obtained. Micrographs of the sand grains from glacial deposits whose erosional history was limited to ice action uniformly show strongly striated surfaces. Comparison of the features described here with those offered as criteria for a glacial history by previous workers suggests the need for further evaluation of the published criteria. Further study should be made of sand-grain surfaces using sands which have been exposed to a single erosional agent to allow for the determination of more rigorously denned criteria for the interpretation of their geologic history

Antarctica: Music, sounds and cultural connections

This is the first book whose subject is the music, sounds and silences of Antarctica. From 2011 until 2014, Australia marked its long-standing connection with Antarctica by celebrating the centenary of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. The icy continent, with its extremes of climate and environment and unique soundscapes, offers great potential for creative achievements in the world of music and sound. This book demonstrates the intellectual and creative engagement of artists, musicians, scientists and writers. Consciousness of sounds — in particular, musical ones — has not been at the forefront of our aims in polar endeavours, but listening to and appreciating them has been as important there as elsewhere

The influence of seagrass cover on population structure and individual growth rate of a suspension-feeding bivalve, Mercenaria mercenaria

The average density of Mercenaria mercenaria in 216 ¼-m2 samples taken in spring 1980 from an eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in Back Sound, North Carolina, was 9.0 m–2, more than five times the average density (1.6 m–2) in 216 ¼-m2 samples from a nearby sand flat. Size-frequency distributions differed between environments, with the sand flat containing a larger fraction of its Mercenaria in the smallest size class (0–1 cm). Use of internal growth lines to age all Mercenaria collected revealed that age-frequency distributions also differed between environments but that average Mercenaria age was identical in the two collections. The average sizes of 0-, 1-, and 2-year-class Mercenaria were significantly greater in the seagrass collection. Furthermore, the logarithmic growth curve fit through the mean sizes of each year class for the seagrass collection fell significantly above the analogous sand-flat curve for all ages, implying higher growth rates inside the seagrass environment. The seagrass environment contained a higher proportion of finer sediments, more silts and clays, and higher organic content both in surface (0–2 cm) and-in deep (0–20 cm) cores. Current velocities measured by dye release in the field demonstrated a substantial baffling effect by the seagrass, with average surface velocities above the blades about 3–5 × average velocities at depths within the seagrass canopy. This baffling by seagrass reduced currents near the bottom, where Mercenaria feeds, to levels 50% lower than those measured simultaneously on the sand flat. The paradoxically higher growth rate of the filter-feeding Mercenaria in the lower current regime inside the seagrass bed may be a consequence of higher particulate food concentrations produced by the hydrodynamic baffling of the emergent vegetation

Ecological consequences of mechanical harvesting of clams

A field experiment was performed in 1,225 m2 plots in each of two shallow estuarine habitats, a seagrass bed and a sand flat. in Back Sound, North Carolina (USA), to test the impact of clam raking and two different intensities of mechanical harvesting of clams ("clam kicking") for up to 4 years on 11 hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, recruitment, 2) seagrass biomass, 3) the density of benthic macroinvertebrates, and 4) the density of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians. The removal of adult hard clams with the contingent sediment disturbance had ambiguous effects on the recruitment of hard clams: in the sand flat recruitment tended to be lower (but not significantly) in intense-clam-kicking matrices than in controls, whereas in seagrass recruitment of hard clams did not not show a clear response to treatment. In the raking and light-clam-kicking matrices, seagrass biomass fell immediately by ≌25% below controls but full recovery occurred within a year. In the intense-clam-kicking matrices, seagrass biomass fell by ≌65% below levels expected from controls; recovery did not begin until more than 2 years passed, and seagrass biomass was still ≌35% lower than predicted from controls 4 years later. Clam harvest did not affect either the density or species composition of small benthic macroinvertebrates from sediment cores, probably because of their rapid capacity for recolonization and generally short life spans. In all treatments, densities of benthic macroinvertebrates (mostly polychaetes) were substantially higher in the seagrass than in the sand flat during October samplings but equal during March samplings. Bay scallop density declined with declining seagrass biomass across harvest treatments, but the intense-clamkicking matrices contained even fewer bay scallops than their seagrass biomass would predict, perhaps because of enhanced patchiness of the remaining seagrass. The relative inertia of the change in seagrass biomass following extensive destruction in the intensely kicked matrices suggests that seagrass replanting may be an extremely important means of returning disturbed, unvegetated areas to seagrass systems. Emergence during summer of a between-habitat gradient in infaunal densities (higher in seagrass than in sand) supports the hypothesis that seagrass provides a partial prey refuge for infaunal invertebrates. The failure of the benthic macroinvertebrate density to respond to clam harvest treatments in both sand flats and seagrass beds implies that the polychaetes which dominate recover rapidly from disturbance and are probably not adversely affected by clam harvest. The negative and long-lasting impact ofintense hard clam harvest on seagrass biomass with its effects on other fisheries, including bay scallops, implies that hard clam fisheries should be managed to minimize the intensity of harvest within seagrass beds

The Isotopic Composition of Strontium in Fossils from the Kendrick Shale, Kentucky

Author Institution: Department of Geology and Mineralogy, The Ohio State UniversityNine analyses of the isotopic composition of strontium in the carbonate shells of marine fossils from the Kendrick Shale (Lower Pennsylvanian) of Kentucky indicate an average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7086^O.OOOSS at the 95 percent confidence limit. This value is in satisfactory agreement with previous measurements by Peterman et al. (1970) and confirms that strontium in the oceans during Early Pennsylvanian time was anomalously enriched in radiogenic 87Sr, compared to that in earlier and later periods. The isotopic composition of strontium in skeletal clacium carbonate of cephalopods, gastropods, and brachiopods from the Kendrick Shale appears to be the same in spite of the different feeding habits of these animals

Designing for change: The poetic potential of responsive architecture

The integration of responsive components in architecture offers the potential to enhance the experience of the building by giving expression to fleeting, changeable aspects of the environment. Responsive buildings enable a physical response to changes in the environment through specific building elements; in rare cases these responsive elements become an integral and poetic element of a culturally significant work of architecture. In this paper I examine two types of responsiveness, one which concerns the changing environment and another the activities and needs of the building׳s inhabitants. I look at two examples of buildings that illustrate a potential poetic role for architectural components responding to these two types of change, and propose that architects will need to acquire experience with designing for specific rates, scales and types of change before responsive elements will more frequently appear as a poetic and integral part of the building