Recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma due to low-grade infection

Despite the high incidence and multitudes of operative techniques, the risk factors for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence are still under debate and a universal consensus on the pathophysiology is lacking. We hypothesized that clinically inapparent, a low-grade infection could be responsible for CSDH recurrence. This investigation is a single-center prospective observational study including patients with recurrent CSDH. In total, 44 patients with CSDH recurrence received an intraoperative swab-based microbiological test. The intraoperative swab revealed an inapparent low-grade hematoma infection in 29% of the recurrent CSDH cases. The majority (69%) of the identified germs belonged to the staphylococcus genus. We therefore, propose a novel potential pathophysiology for CSDH recurrence

Diffuse X-ray Emissions from Dynamic Planetary Nebulae

We present theoretical results of a piecewise isothermal shock wind model devised for predicting the luminosity and surface brightness profile of diffuse X-ray emissions primarily from the inner shocked downstream wind zone of a planetary nebula (PN) surrounded by self-similar shocked dense shell and outer slow AGB wind envelope involving self-gravity and compare/fit our computational model results with available observations of a few grossly spherical X-ray emitting PNe. Matching shocked piecewise isothermal self-similar void (ISSV) solutions with self-gravity of Lou & Zhai (LZ) for the outer zone and a stationary isothermal fast tenuous wind with a reverse shock for the inner zone across an expanding contact discontinuity, we can consistently construct dynamic evolution models of PNe with diffuse X-ray emissions. On the basis of such a chosen dynamic wind interaction model, both X-ray luminosity and radial X-ray brightness profile are determined by three key parameters, namely the so-called X-ray parameter $X$, two radii $R_{rs}$ and $R_c$ of the reverse shock and the contact discontinuity. We find that morphologies of X-ray emissions would appear in the forms of either a central luminous sphere or a bright ring embedded within optically bright shells. In contrast to previous adiabatic models, the X-ray brightness peaks around the reverse shock, instead of the contact discontinuity surface just inside the outer shocked dense shell. Diffuse X-ray emissions of a few observed PNe appear to support this wind-wind dynamic interaction scenario.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Accepted 2010 June 2. Received 2010 May 28; in original form 2010 May

Mapping and Spectroscopy of the Planetary Nebula NGC 7009 in the Visual and Infrared

NGC 7009 is a fascinating example of a high excitation, elliptical planetary nebula (PN) containing circum-nebular rings, and FLIERs and jets along the major axis. We present visual spectroscopy along multiple position angles through the nucleus, taken with the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Mexico); mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and imaging acquired using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), and narrow band imaging obtained using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The data show that the mid-infrared (MIR) continuum is dominated by a broad ~ 100K continuum, and a strong excess attributable to crystalline silicate emission. The primary peaks in this excess are similar to those observed in Forsterite and clino- and ortho-enstatite. We use the ground-based spectroscopy, and ratioing of HST images to investigate the presence of shocks in the ansae and interior envelope. It is concluded that line ratios in the ansae may be partially consistent with shock excitation, although these features are primarily dominated by photo-ionisation. We also note evidence for shock excitation at the limits of the interior elliptical shell, and for multiple bow-shock structures centered upon the ansae.Comment: 22 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 52 pages in arXi

Postoperative pain management in children: Guidance from the pain committee of the European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology (ESPA Pain Management Ladder Initiative)

The main remit of the European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology (ESPA) Pain Committee is to improve the quality of pain management in children. The ESPA Pain Management Ladder is a clinical practice advisory based upon expert consensus to help to ensure a basic standard of perioperative pain management for all children. Further steps are suggested to improve pain management once a basic standard has been achieved. The guidance is grouped by the type of surgical procedure and layered to suggest basic, intermediate, and advanced pain management methods. The committee members are aware that there are marked differences in financial and personal resources in different institutions and countries and also considerable variations in the availability of analgesic drugs across Europe. We recommend that the guidance should be used as a framework to guide best practice

The structure of Planetary Nebulae: theory vs. practice

This paper - the first of a short series dedicated to the long-stan ding astronomical problem of de-projecting the bi-dimensional apparent morpholog y of a three-dimensional mass of gas - focuses on the density distribution in real Planetary Nebulae (and all types of expanding nebulae). We introduce some basic theoretical notions, discuss the observational methodology and develope the accurate procedure for the determination of the matter radial profile within the sharp portion of nebula in the plane of the sky identified by the zero-velocity-pixel-column (zvpc) of high-resolution spectral images. Moreover, a series of evolutive snapshots is presented, combining illustrative examples of model- and true-Planetary Nebulae. Last, the general and specific applications of the method (and some caveats) are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, A&A accepte

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good