Concerning the Interaction of Forms

Concerning the Interaction of Forms is exactly what is in my mind when creating and thinking about work. I am concerned with all of the interactions that can be made when thinking about and looking at forms. How do the forms interact with one another? How do they interact with the space they are placed in? How do they interact with the viewer? These are the questions that concern me the most when creating work When making work I do so with the help of basic geometric shapes, mathematic ratios, and the feeling I get from the form as it takes shape. I usually start with a triangle then work off of that using ratios, most commonly making new elements one quarter or one third larger or smaller. What is meant when I say the feeling I get from the form as it takes shape is how the ratios interact with each other, within the form itself and with the other forms surrounding it. I use all of these different elements when creating forms and designing the final layout these forms will take when they are installed into a gallery space. All of these concerns are viewed as equally important when creating work

Alzheimer's disease: a nursing-perspective

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease presents a challenge for nursing, nurses, formal and informal carer's of person's with Alzheimer's disease. Theoretical knowledge provides insight and understanding into the bio-psycho-social dimensions of behaviour exhibited by the person with Alzheimer's disease. Theoretical knowledge alone, cannot prepare nurses and family members as carers, for the practicalities and coping skills required on an ongoing daily basis. Family members and carers may at first deny the symptoms they observe and pass it off as part of the ageing process. Cognitive decline is progressive as standards of hygiene, self care and independent living becomes more evident and interferes with activities of independent, daily living. The bio-psycho-social-safety and security needs are individualized and unique to each personality with Alzheimer's disease. This provides a challenge to all nurses and carer's of persons with Alzheimer's disease. This literary study aims to provide practical insights and humane coping skills for family members as carer's and nurses both formally or informally trained, as carer's of persons, with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION: Living with, and caring for an Alzheimer's parent or person draws every bit of physical and emotional strength from the family and carer's

The Initial Interaction Of Water Vapour With Magnesium And Magnesium Alloy Surfaces

The initial interaction of water vapour with polycrystalline magnesium and magnesium alloy surfaces has been quantitatively followed from the earliest stage using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The fitting of AES data to theoretical models suggested that a three-stage oxidation behaviour was operative on pure Mg surfaces: (1) dissociative chemisorption during doses up to {dollar}{lcub}\approx{rcub}0.7{dollar} langmuir (L) (1L = {dollar}1.3\times10\sp{lcub}-4{rcub}{dollar} Pa{dollar}\cdot{dollar}s); (2) oxide nucleation and growth which is complete by {dollar}{lcub}\approx{rcub}5{dollar}L at an average island height of four monolayers; and (3) bulk thickening after coalescence of the oxide islands. The bulk thickening stage was adequately described by a logarithmic-type growth law and was found to be controlled by the movement of metal cations from the metal/oxide interface to the oxide/gas interface. Hydrogen (deuterium) was determined by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to be present in the film only in small relative amounts.;The effect of Ar{dollar}\sp+{dollar} ion bombardment on the interaction of water with pure Mg surfaces was systematically studied by AES. The effect was most pronounced for the oxide nucleation and growth stage. The dissociative adsorption and bulk thickening stages were only weakly affected by prior ion bombardment. The results have been interpreted based on the assumption of competition between the effects of radiation defects (vacancies, vacancy clusters, dislocation loops) and implanted argon atoms on the oxidation process.;Water interactions with Mg-Al alloy surfaces (Mg-3.0Al, Mg-8.5Al) resulted in enhanced oxide nucleation and growth at low exposures as compared to pure Mg. At longer exposures, Al{dollar}\sp{lcub}3+{rcub}{dollar} cations were incorporated into the growing oxide, resulting in a pronounced decrease in the rate of bulk oxide thickening.;Water adsorption and oxide growth on dilute Mg-Fe alloy surfaces (120 to 700 wt ppm) was shown to be retarded during the very early stages. The growth rate at longer exposures was unaffected by the iron content. Segregation of iron into the oxide film was, however, detected by static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS). Finally, the saturated oxide films formed on Fe-containing magnesium specimens were shown by XPS to be more defective than those formed on pure magnesium

Decaying Neutrinos in Galaxy Clusters

Davidsen et al. (1991) have argued that the failure to detect uv photons from the dark matter DM) in cluster A665 excludes the decaying neutrino hypothesis. Sciama et al. (1993) argued that because of high central concentration the DM in that cluster must be baryonic. We study the DM profile in clusters of galaxies simulated using the Harrison--Zel'dovich spectrum of density fluctuations, and an amplitude previously derived from numerical simulations (Melott 1984b; Anninos et al. 1991) and in agreement with microwave background fluctuations (Smoot et al. 1992). We find that with this amplitude normalization cluster neutrino DM densities are comparable to observed cluster DM values. We conclude that given this normalization, the cluster DM should be at least largely composed of neutrinos. The constraint of Davidsen et al. can be somewhat weakened by the presence of baryonic DM; but it cannot be eliminated given our assumptions.Comment: 14 pages, requires aaspp.sty. All latex, style files, and postscript files included in a uuencoded compressed-tar file. [email protected]

A Nested Grid Particle-Mesh Code for High Resolution Simulations of Gravitational Instability in Cosmology

I describe a nested-grid particle-mesh (NGPM) code designed to study gravitational instability in three-dimensions. The code is based upon a standard PM code. Within the parent grid I am able to define smaller sub-grids allowing us to substantially extend the dynamical range in mass and length. I treat the fields on the parent grid as background fields and utilize a one-way interactive meshing. Waves on the coarse parent grid are allowed to enter and exit the subgrid, but waves from the subgrid are precluded from effecting the dynamics of the parent grid. On the parent grid the potential is computed using a standard multiple Fourier transform technique. On the subgrid I use a Fourier transform technique to compute the subgrid potential at high resolution. I impose quasi-isolated boundary conditions on the subgrid using the standard method for generating isolated boundary conditions, but rather than using the isolated Green function I use the Ewald method to compute a Green function on the subgrid which possesses the full periodicity of the parent grid. I present a detailed discussion of my methodology and a series of code tests.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures included, uses mn.sty & epsf.sty. Accepted by MNRAS. This is the final refereed versio

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationThis study used Kintsch's Construction Integration (CI) Model as a context; for investigating reading comprehension assessment and its relationship to epistemic beliefs. Specifically, questions tied to levels of representation delineated in the CI model were used to investigate how individual differences may predict reading comprehension. Literal questions that tie to the text;base representation of text;, and inference questions that tie to the situation model representation of text;, were used to investigate these effects. In addition to question type, text; availability was also manipulated in this study. Previous studies have reported that a person's epistemic beliefs may have an effect on his or her ability to comprehend text;. The current study was designed to investigate these findings using additional measures as covariates (i.e., vocabulary ability, background knowledge and working memory), and a test structure that is cognitively demanding (e.g., short answer questions to a variety of passages from three domains with and without text; available). Participants completed individual measures and the reading assessment in a 2-hour session. Although epistemic beliefs did account for a significant portion of variance in the reading assessment, this was very small, especially compared to the predictive validity of background knowledge and vocabulary ability. As predicted by the CI model, question type was related to reading comprehension performance and this interacted with epistemic beliefs. Surprisingly, this effect was found with literal questions rather than inference questions. text; availability did not interact with epistemic beliefs. The results of this study suggest that when predicting reading comprehension, it is essential to use several individual differences variables, and that the relationship of epistemic beliefs with reading comprehension is less definitive than indicated in the research literature. Future work in reading comprehension research should establish other individual difference variables such as reader's interest level and specific strategy use when answering literal and inference questions using expository text;

A generalized equilibrium model for predicting daily to interannual shoreline response

Coastal zone management requires the ability to predict coastline response to storms and longer-term seasonal to interannual variability in regional wave climate. Shoreline models typically rely on extensive historical observations to derive site-specific calibration. To circumvent the challenge that suitable data sets are rarely available, this contribution utilizes twelve 5+ year shoreline data sets from around the world to develop a generalized model for shoreline response. The shared dependency of model coefficients on local wave and sediment characteristics is investigated, enabling the model to be recast in terms of these more readily measurable quantities. Study sites range from microtidal to macrotidal coastlines, spanning moderate- to high-energy beaches. The equilibrium model adopted here includes time varying terms describing both the magnitude and direction of shoreline response as a result of onshore/offshore sediment transport between the surf zone and the beach face. The model contains two coefficients linked to wave-driven processes: (1) the response factor (φ) that describes the "memory" of a beach to antecedent conditions and (2) the rate parameter (c) that describes the efficiency with which sand is transported between the beach face and surf zone. Across all study sites these coefficients are shown to depend in a predictable manner on the dimensionless fall velocity (Ω), that in turn is a simple function of local wave conditions and sediment grain size. When tested on an unseen data set, the new equilibrium model with generalized forms of φ and c exhibited high skill (Brier Skills Score, BSS = 0.85)