Gebaute Geschichte im Wandel: Das Hauptgebäude der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

Abschlussfilm zur Ausbildung "Mediengestalter Bild und Ton" (2026

Saphenous vein graft and nitric oxide: strategies to prevent graft failure and enhance patency in coronary artery bypass grafting

Nitric oxide (NO) is a central regulator of vascular homeostasis and a key determinant of saphenous vein graft (SVG) outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Endothelial dysfunction, driven by altered shear stress, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular risk factors, impairs NO production and release, contributing to SVG thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerosis. SVG harvesting technique, storage, and intraoperative handling affects endothelial integrity, inflammatory response, and vascular remodeling, influencing arterialization, long-term patency, and clinical outcomes. Preservation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) during vein harvesting enhances NO bioavailability, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and supports graft adaptation. Internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts provide durable patency, survival benefit, and NO-mediated vasoprotection, improving SVG function and mitigating maladaptive remodeling. Graft configuration further determines SVG adaptation. ITA-composite SVGs confer continuous NO exposure, promote arterial-like remodeling, and attenuate low shear stress. Optimal secondary prevention, including antiplatelet therapy, statins and lifestyle modifications further preserves endothelial function and reduces SVG failure. Targeting NO through surgical technique, graft configuration, and pharmacologic intervention represents a unifying strategy to enhance SVG performance, arterialization, and long-term outcomes, addressing the current limitation of SVG in CABG

Advancing the Study of Political Misinformation Across Countries and Platforms—Introduction to the Special Issue

The global spread of political misinformation poses serious challenges to democracies, eroding trust and distorting public discourse. However, research has largely focused on WEIRD countries—Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic—limiting our understanding of how misinformation operates across diverse political, cultural, and technological contexts. This special issue addresses these gaps through comparative, cross-platform, and interdisciplinary perspectives. The articles explore how political and media systems shape misinformation, the role of individual resilience, and how platform-specific features—across social media, messaging apps, and traditional media—affect the spread of false information. Studies from non-WEIRD regions offer insights into distinct vulnerabilities, emphasizing the need for context-sensitive approaches. Together, these contributions advance our understanding of misinformation as a global challenge and offer guidance for strengthening democratic resilience in varied information environments

Unlocking the curative potential of ATRA in non-APL AML: identification of the mechanisms underlying repression of retinoic acid receptor activity by aberrant activities of LSD1 and GCN5

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells and a block in differentiation. Differentiation therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is highly effective in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but largely ineffective in non-APL AML. One proposed resistance mechanism is the pan-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) activity of ATRA, which activates both RARA and RARG. While RARA promotes myeloid differentiation, RARG is associated with maintenance of primitive hematopoietic cells. Therefore, the RARA-selective agonist Am80 was evaluated as an alternative to ATRA. However, in vitro analyses revealed comparable responses to ATRA and Am80 in AML cell lines and primary samples, irrespective of RARA or RARG expression levels. Primary AML samples showed marked resistance to retinoids alone, which was overcome in 72% of cases by combination with LSD1 and GCN5 inhibitors. Mechanistically, inhibition of LSD1 disrupted the CoREST complex, releasing the transcriptional repressor GFI1 and enabling activation of differentiation-associated genes. GCN5 inhibition enhanced binding of the myeloid transcription factor CEBPA at key regulatory regions. In THP-1 cells, combined LSD1 and GCN5 inhibition reduced proliferation and colony formation while inducing robust myeloid differentiation, which was dependent on functional CEBPA. In contrast, HL-60 cells required additional retinoid signaling to achieve functional differentiation, highlighting stage-specific differences in epigenetic dependency. These findings demonstrate that overcoming the differentiation block in AML requires targeting epigenetic regulators in a context-dependent manner and support subtype-specific combination strategies for differentiation therapy

Extreme optical nonlinearities unveiled by ultrafast laser filamentation in semiconductors

Sky-high optical nonlinearities make semiconductors ideal platforms for multifunctional photonic devices. The fabrication of such complex devices could greatly benefit from in-volume ultrafast laser writing for monolithic and contactless integration. Ironically, as exemplified for Si, nonlinearities act as an efficient immune system that self-protects the material from internal permanent modifications. Predicting high-intensity ultrashort-pulse propagation beyond Si is further limited by incomplete descriptions of carrier dynamics in narrow-gap materials. Here, we demonstrate that filamentation universally dictates ultrashort laser pulse propagation in various semiconductors. The effective key nonlinear parameters extracted differ markedly from past measurements with low-intensity pulses, while temporal scaling laws for these parameters are also derived. Based on these findings, appropriate temporal-spectral shaping is proposed for tailored energy deposition inside semiconductors. The effective parameters also provide predictive inputs for semiconductor backside processing, microelectronics security, and high-harmonic, supercontinuum and terahertz wave generation

Temperature-Dependent Emission Spectroscopy of Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

The potential of color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for quantum technology applications has driven research to create emitters across a broad spectral range by using diverse techniques. Electron beam irradiation is one such approach that creates yellow emitters at room temperature; however, their behavior at low temperatures remains unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive photophysical characterization of these yellow emitters in hBN under cryogenic conditions. We identify a bright and photostable defect with a zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 547.5 nm and a phonon sideband (PSB) approximately 90 meV from the ZPL. Excitation through this PSB enhances the emission intensity by nearly 5-fold at 4.5 K. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) from 4.5 to 220 K shows a decreasing Debye–Waller (DW) factor with elevated temperature, reflecting enhanced phonon-assisted emission. Further analysis reveals the presence of an additional low-energy phonon mode, leading to a T 3 dependence of the ZPL line width and a T 2 dependence of the ZPL peak shift. These observations deepen our understanding of the nature of the emitters, opening new avenues for the precise tuning of quantum light sources

Diversity of DNA viruses in the atmosphere of sub-Antarctic South Georgia

Studying airborne viruses in remote environments like the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia offers key insights into viral ecology, diversity, and their role in shaping ecosystems through microbial and nutrient interactions. We analyzed airborne viral community composition at two sites in South Georgia. Sampling took place using multiple methodologies, with the data produced subjected to viral metagenomics. The Coriolis μ device (wet collection) was the most effective, yielding 30 viral scaffolds. Two-thirds of the scaffolds were only obtained from the coastal location, indicating that location influences airborne viral diversity. Protein-based clustering of 39 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) revealed similarities of 15 with known marine viruses, suggesting oceanic influence on the airborne viral community. Protein homologs related to UV damage protection and photosynthesis from two airborne vOTUs were widely distributed across major oceans, suggesting their potential role in supporting the resilience of marine microorganisms under changing climate conditions. Some vOTUs had protein similarities to viruses infecting extremophiles, indicating viral adaptations to harsh environments. This study provides a baseline for understanding the complexity and sustainability of airborne viral communities in remote ecosystems. It underscores the need for continued monitoring to assess how these communities respond to shifting atmospheric and ecological conditions

Follow the CO 2 – drilling into an actively degassing intraplate volcano underlain by a silicate–carbonatite intrusion

Abstract The Eifel region of Germany hosts hundreds of distributed volcanoes of Quaternary age in an intracontinental setting. This includes many maar volcanoes, for which the Eifel is the type locality. Laacher See volcano in the eastern part of the region stands out as a sizable (erupted volume of 6.3 km 3 dense rock equivalent or a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 6) and dormant but actively deforming and degassing system. Plutonic ejecta clasts in pyroclastic deposits of the Laacher See volcano provide evidence that it is underlain by one of the youngest silicate–carbonatite subvolcanic intrusive complexes worldwide. It has long been appreciated that the Laacher See region has potential to significantly enhance our knowledge on distributed volcanic fields and their specific hazards resulting from high CO 2 fluxes from the mantle to the surface, causing active deformation, as well as diffuse and sometimes punctuated explosive degassing. This is largely due to the Eifel boasting an extensive record of past research, easy access, and excellent infrastructure that uniquely permits implementation of cutting-edge scientific methods. Recently, three workshops were held to sharpen scientific questions of global scope and relevance to study this type of distributed volcanism. Workshop participants discussed opportunities and challenges associated with drilling in the Laacher See region, identified promising sites, and explored the potential of novel drilling techniques. The clear conclusion of these workshops is that Laacher See would be an ideal test bed to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of a shallow ( ∼ 4–6 km depth at its top, thus making it accessible to drilling) silicate–carbonatite intrusive complex formed by volatile-rich melts and associated with active degassing. Only drilling can provide answers to key problems related to the geodynamics, geohazards, and resource potential of such magma systems. Questions include how and at what rates translithospheric transport of magma and fluids occurs in continental intraplate settings. It is also puzzling why shallow fluids above a residual magma system after an eruption that occurred only 13 000 years ago are seemingly cold, although the system still appears to be highly dynamic based on ongoing CO 2 degassing, seismic activity, and exceptionally high uplift rates on spatial scales of hundreds of kilometres. Critically, drilling enables linking deep and shallow observables related to melt and fluid migration and provides access to samples of CO 2 -rich fluids and their host rocks at depth. Such samples are tangible evidence required to properly balance CO 2 fluxes from degassing magma with CO 2 sequestration in carbonatites or fluid-precipitated carbonates. Core samples from a maar structure proximally to the Laacher See volcano can establish an unprecedented geological record of precursor events prior to its cataclysmic eruption. Importantly, drilling also permits improved geophysical monitoring from instrumented wells that can reveal high-resolution details on maar diatreme architecture and deflation-related faulting resulting from the evacuation of the Laacher See magma reservoir. Lastly, silicate–carbonatite intrusions are globally recognised as major hosts for critical metal deposits, which, at Laacher See, could be topics of investigation in the making. Ultimately, this project can provide fundamental insights into processes of fluid-mediated element transport and sequestration not achievable in inactive carbonatites. Overall, these goals are best achieved in two phases that encompass drilling (1) four holes (300–2000 m) to enable detailed studies of the pre-eruptive evolution of the Laacher See volcano, its subvolcanic structures, and ongoing fluid or magma transport and (2) a subsequent deep hole (3000–4000 m) to penetrate and core a syenitic–carbonatitic intrusive carapace and its hydrothermal aureole

Marine Bacterium Kordia algicida Reshapes Plankton Microbiome and Induces Metabolomic Rewiring, Independent of Heatwave or Worst-Case Climate Scenarios

Marine bacteria are integral components of planktonic communities, where they regulate algal growth, induce cell death, and contribute to bloom termination and species succession. They also play a key role in marine biogeochemical cycling by recycling algal-derived organic matter and releasing bioactive metabolites. Despite their ecological importance, bacterial–plankton interactions and their consequences for community structure and chemistry remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of the algicidal marine bacterium Kordia algicida OT-1 on a natural plankton microbiome collected from a mesocosm experiment simulating present and future climate conditions. Plankton communities were exposed to ambient conditions or to a worst-case climate scenario, with a subset further subjected to a one-week heatwave. After 24 h of incubation, K. algicida significantly altered phytoplankton abundance and phylum-level community composition, independent of the applied abiotic conditions. Chemical changes induced by bacterial interactions were assessed by extracting filtrates from cocultures and analyzing them using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Four natural products, i.e., adenosylhomocysteine, two indole alkaloid derivatives, and 5-bromotryptophan, were identified among metabolites released in response to bacterial exposure. Overall, shifts in the planktonic chemical landscape were primarily driven by bacterial activity, rather than abiotic conditions

Analyse postoperativer Strukturveränderungen bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom

In Deutschland liegt die Inzidenz des Mammakarzinoms der Frau bei 118,7 pro 100.000 Personen und stellt die häufigste Krebstodesursache bei Frauen dar. Die Diagnostik und Therapie des Mammakarzinoms ist komplex und wird in der „S3-Leitlinie für die Früherkennung, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Mammakarzinoms“ detailliert beschrieben (Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie et al. 2021, Robert Koch Institut und die Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e.V.). Für Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom ist das Nodalstadium von großer prognostischer Bedeutung und beeinflusst die Therapie. Das Ausmaß des Lymphknotenbefalls wird als bedeutender Vorhersagewert für das krebsspezifische Outcome angesehen, da sich ein Lymphknotenbefall ungünstig auf die Prognose auswirkt. Eine neoadjuvante Chemotherapie kann ein Downstaging erzielen, was zu weniger invasiven Operationstechniken führt (Anderson et al. 2017). Zu den wesentlichen Methoden, das Risiko eines intramammären Rezidivs zu verringern, gehört neben verschiedenen chirurgischen Verfahren und systemischer Therapie auch die postoperative Bestrahlung. Zielsetzung: Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die postoperativen Veränderungen in Bezug auf die axillären Strukturen und Lymphknoten sowie der Level der Lymphabflussgebiete der Brust darzustellen. Es werden die Unterschiede der Volumina, Veränderungen der Abstände verschiedener Strukturen zueinander sowie die Häufigkeiten und Volumina der Lymphknoten miteinander verglichen