Focal Plane Alignment and Detector Characterization for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph

We describe the infrastructure being developed to align and characterize the detectors for the Subaru Measurement of Images and Redshifts (SuMIRe) Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS). PFS will employ four three-channel spectrographs with an operating wavelength range of 3800 $\AA$ to 12600 $\AA$. Each spectrograph will be comprised of two visible channels and one near infrared (NIR) channel, where each channel will use a separate Schmidt camera to image the captured spectra onto their respective detectors. In the visible channels, Hamamatsu 2k x 4k CCDs will be mounted in pairs to create a single 4k x 4k detector, while the NIR channel will use a single Teledyne 4k x 4k H4RG HgCdTe device.Comment: 16 pages, 27 figures, SPIE ATI Montreal 201

Managing risk in Japanese interbank payment systems

Payment systems ; Japan ; Risk