Comparing the packing densities of yarns spun by ring, compact and vortex spinning systems using image analysis method

This study is aimed at determining the packing densities of yarns produced by different spinning systems to investigate the fibre distributions for each system. For this purpose, 100% Tencel LF yarns with 19.69 tex linear densities are produced on ring, compact and vortex spinning systems. Cross-sections have been made by hard sectioning method using a rotary microtome. Packing densities of yarns are calculated by image analysis method. Results show that the compact yarns have the highest packing densities while vortex yarns have the lowest. However, differences between the packing densities of ring and compact yarns are not found statistically significant. In this study, density values of yarns (D, g/cm3) are also measured by Uster Tester 5 to evaluate the relationship between the packing density and yarn density values. Results show that the packing density values are parallel to yarn density values

Prevalence of Health-Risk Behaviors and Mental Well-Being of ASEAN University Students in COVID-19 Pandemic

The prevalence of epidemiological health-risk behaviors and mental well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic, stratified by sociodemographic factors in Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) university students, were examined in the research. Data were collected in March–June 2021 via an online survey from 15,366 university students from 17 universities in seven ASEAN countries. Analyzed data comprised results on physical activity, health-related behaviors, mental well-being, and sociodemographic information. A large proportion of university students consumed sugar-sweetened beverages (82.0%; 95%CI: 81.4, 82.6) and snacks/fast food daily (65.2%; 95%CI: 64.4, 66.0). About half (52.2%; 95%CI: 51.4, 53.0) consumed less than the recommended daily amounts of fruit/vegetable and had high salt intake (54%; 95%CI: 53.3, 54.8). Physical inactivity was estimated at 39.7% (95%CI: 38.9, 40.5). A minority (16.7%; 95%CI: 16.1, 17.3) had low mental well-being, smoked (8.9%; 95%CI: 8.4, 9.3), and drank alcohol (13.4%; 95%CI: 12.8, 13.9). Country and body mass index had a significant correlation with many health-risk behaviors and mental well-being. The research provided important baseline data for guidance and for the monitoring of health outcomes among ASEAN university students and concludes that healthy diet, physical activity, and mental well-being should be key priority health areas for promotion among university students

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

New method for estimating the volume and volume fractions of the nasal structures in the goose (Anser anser domesticus) using computed tomography images

1. The conchae within the nasal cavity of poultry are important for water and energy conservation, but have not been experimentally evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of volume and volume fraction estimates of the conchae, nasal septum and nasal cavity. 2. The nasal cavities of 7 adult goose heads were scanned using computed tomography (CT), with images sampled randomly at a 1/5 sampling fraction. Physical sections were obtained from the same samples, using an electric saw that had an adjustable section range, and provided 14 to 15 sections with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The section surface areas of the nasal cavity, nasal septum and conchae were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. Results obtained using the CT and physical section images were compared. Volumes and volume fractions obtained from the physical sections were accepted as the gold standard and differences in the CT images were determined. 3. Multiplication of the data obtained on the CT images with the deviation percentage of the physical sections produced normalised values. No differences were observed between the gold standard data and the CT images. While it was possible to normalise the obtained data using the gold standard values, the raw data could also be used for comparative studies because the deviations from normal would be similar for all groups. 4. Our study showed that the nasal structures could be estimated in vivo using CT images

Problems in diagnosis of nonAA renal amyloidosis

Objective: Amyloidosis represents extracellular deposition of congophilic fibrils of similar morphology but different chemical composition. The types frequently involving the kidney are AA (serum amyloid A) and AL (light chain amyloid). Hereditary amyloidoses, which can also affect the kidney, are being described with increasing frequency. Distinguishing the type of amyloid is important because of the different treatments and outcomes. Typing of amyloidosis by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is believed to be unreliable, except for AA amyloid. We reevaluated our cases in this study to draw attention to the nonAA amyloid deposits in renal biopsies with amyloidosis. Material and Method: renal biopsies diagnosed as amyloidosis between 997 and 2008 were stained for amyloid A with IHC. Cases with negative amyloid A staining were included in the study. Results: We found 90 cases of renal amyloidosis (98 biopsies) during the study period. Thirty cases (33 biopsies) with negative antiAA staining were studied. Among those 30 cases with nonAA amyloidosis, secondary AL amyloidosis was due to multiple myeloma in 8 cases and plasma cell dyscrasia in 2 cases. Hereditary renal amyloidosis was suspected in some cases. Conclusion: using amyloid A IHC on a routine basis and the clinical history are essential to diagnose AA amyloidosis. The differential diagnosis of nonAA amyloidosis may be inconclusive on IHC. The diagnostic approach should be multidisciplinary and requires careful clinical and pathological evaluation. The limitation of IHC may necessitate direct typing of the amyloid protein extracted from paraffin-embedded specimens in some cases

Anne Kişiliği ve Çocuğun Mizaç Özelliği

Araştırmada annelerin kişilik özellikleri ve çocukların mizaçlarını etkileyen değişkenlerin belirlenmesi ve annenin kişiliği ile çocukların mizaçları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya Ankara ili Sincan ilçesinde bulunan özel anaokuluna devam eden dört-beş yaş arasındaki çocukların anneleri alınmıştır (n:110). Veri toplama aracı olarak annelerin ve çocukların sosyodemografik özelliklerini belirmek için araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan “Genel Bilgi Formu”, çocukların mizaçlarını belirlemek için “Çocuklar için Kısa Mizaç Ölçeği” ve annelerin kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek için “Sıfatlara Dayalı Kişilik Testi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada homojen dağılım gösteren veriler için “t-Testi”, homojen dağılım göstermeyen veriler için “Mann-Whitney U testi”, “Kruskall Wallis Testi” ve annenin kişilik özelliği ile çocuğun mizacı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için de “Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı Önemlilik Testi” kullanılmıştır