Le droit à l'engagement du salarié : le cas de la réserve opérationnelle

International audienc

CRISPR/Cas9-editing of PRNP in Alpine goats

International audienceMisfolding of the cellular PrP (PrP c ) protein causes prion disease, leading to neurodegenerative disorders in numerous mammalian species, including goats. A lack of PrP c induces complete resistance to prion disease. The aim of this work was to engineer Alpine goats carrying knockout (KO) alleles of PRNP, the PrP c -encoding gene, using CRISPR/ Cas9-ribonucleoproteins and single-stranded donor oligonucleotides. The targeted region preceded the PRNP Ter mutation previously described in Norwegian goats. Genome editors were injected under the zona pellucida prior to the electroporation of 565 Alpine goat embryos/oocytes. A total of 122 two-cell-stage embryos were transferred to 46 hormonally synchronized recipient goats. Six of the goats remained pregnant and naturally gave birth to 10 offspring. Among the 10 newborns, eight founder animals carrying PRNP genome-edited alleles were obtained. Eight different mutated alleles were observed, including five inducing KO mutations. Three founders carried only genomeedited alleles and were phenotypically indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. Among them, one male carrying a one base pair insertion leading to a KO allele is currently used to rapidly extend a PRNP-KO line of Alpine goats for future characterization. In addition to KO alleles, a PRNP del6 genetic variant has been identified in one-third of founder animals. This new variant will be tested for its potential properties with respect to prion disease. Future studies will also evaluate the effects of genetic background on other characters associated with PRNP KO, as previously described in the Norwegian breed or other species

Source of rainfall above Mediterranean caves (Chauvet and Orgnac) and long-term trend of cave dripping oxygen isotopes based on 20 years monitoring records: Importance for speleothem-based climate reconstructions

International audienc

Metal‐Organic Frameworks for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases

International audienceAbstract Inflammation is a natural immune response triggered by harmful external or internal stimuli. However, when inflammation fails to resolve and restore basal homeostasis, it can lead to various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diabetic chronic wound (DCW). The modulation of inflammation follows a highly complex mechanism, and monotherapy is often insufficient for treating such conditions. Therefore, developing next‐generation nanocarriers for anti‐inflammatory drug delivery and multi‐target combination therapies is critical. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous coordination polymers with large surface areas and adaptable porosity, have emerged as promising drug delivery systems (DDS) due to their biodegradability, high drug loading capacity, stimuli‐responsive drug release, and ease of functionalization. Over the past five years, MOFs have shown significant promise in treating inflammatory diseases, either as DDS or as intrinsic anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative agents. Additionally, hybrid MOFs, which combine MOFs with nanozymes, offer a multifunctional anti‐inflammatory platform with great potential. This review intends to provide a comprehensive review of the recent development of MOF‐based nanomedicines for the therapy of inflammatory diseases. The challenges and future directions of research into the use of MOFs in the treatment of these diseases will also be discussed

L’émergence d’un DEUG AES à Rennes. Entre politique nationale et stratégieslocales

National audienc

Machine learning of clod evolution under rain for numerical simulation of microtopographic variations by clod layout

International audienceSoil surface roughness (SSR) is shaped by tillage operations and evolves with weathering. It is related to geomorphologic processes and to soil fertility. Thus it is an input of various models and the object of many studies. Numerical generation of rough surfaces is an alternative to measurement, which can be cumbersome. This paper proposes a way to numerically generate soil surfaces resembling seedbeds with roughness that have evolved due to rain. As SSR is related to clod-size distribution, the principle is to set modelled clods on a planar surface, as a first approximation of the surface. An experiment was designed to get controlled surface roughness by setting presieved clods on a nearly horizontal surface of loose soil, and then subjecting the surfaces to rainfall events performed by a rainfall simulator. Digital elevation models (DEMs) of each state of the surfaces were recorded by laser scanner to monitor the evolution of clods under rain. Clods were segmented and matched to form a data base of individual clods at each state of the surface. The evolution of clods under rain was modelled by Machine Learning. A set of DEMs was used for learning, the other for test, and several metrics were applied. Obtained results show the robustness of the model. This simple surface representation captures the main properties of the surface. Small scale surface is useful for various applications, such as rough surface scattering, and more generally, modelling where soil surface is an input

Fiducial reference measurements for greenhouse gases (FRM4GHG): validation of satellite (Sentinel-5 Precursor, OCO-2, and GOSAT) missions using the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)

International audienceThe COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network has become a reliable source of high-quality ground-based remote sensing network data that provide column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4), and carbon monoxide (XCO). The fiducial reference measurements of these gases from the COCCON complement the TCCON and NDACC-IRWG data. This study shows the application of COCCON data for the validation of existing greenhouse gas satellite products. This study includes the validation of XCH4 and XCO products from the European Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission, XCO2 products from the American Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission, and XCO2 and XCH4 products from the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). A total of 27 datasets contributed to this study; some of these were collected in the framework of campaign activities and covered only a short time period. In addition, several permanent stations provided long-term observations. The random uncertainties in the validation results, specifically for S5P with a lot of coincidences pairs, are found to be similar to the comparison with the TCCON. The comparison results of OCO-2 land nadir and land glint observation modes to the COCCON on a global scale, despite limited coincidences, are very promising. The stations can, therefore, expand on the coverage of the already existing ground-based reference remote sensing sites from the TCCON and the NDACC network. The COCCON data can be used for future satellite and model validation studies and carbon cycle studies

Organic Interlayers for Hole Transfer in MA-Free Mixed PB/SN Halide Perovskites for All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

International audienceThe efficiency of mixed lead–tin perovskite solar cells has increased rapidly, thanks to efficient passivation strategies of bulk and interfacial defects. For example, this occurs at the hole-transport layer and the perovskite interface. Here, we compare the self-assembled monolayers and multilayers (SAMs), [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) and methylphosphonic acid (MPA), to a PEDOT:PSS layer at the rear interface of a MA-free narrow band gap perovskite in single-junction (SJ) and all-perovskite tandem solar cells. PEDOT:PSS-based devices show the best power conversion efficiency of 14% in SJ and 17.2% in all-perovskite tandem architecture. By using photoluminescence and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that this behavior is due to better energy alignment at the PEDOT:PSS/PK than the SAM/PK interface. However, SAMs also show lower nonradiative recombination rates at this interface. The results identify the limits of the effectiveness of 2PACz and MPA in mixed lead–tin MA-free perovskite solar cells and confirm the need for other SAMs with improved energy-level alignment while maintaining their passivating properties

Antimicrobial stewardship in primary care telemedicine: the way forward

International audienc