As narrativas da contemporaneidade a partir da relação entre a escalada da abstração de Vilém Flusser e as pinturas rupestres da Serra da Capivara

The contemporary narratives would be undergoing a simplifying process, specially noted in the digital media. The present paper makes use of the Czech-Brazilian philosopher Vilém Flusser escalade abstraction concept to point out that this process is not new in the Communication History. Based on field research evidences, collected in 2006 at the Serra da Capivara National Park, the authors analyze the abstraction growth on the rupestrian paintings of the Serra da Capivara National Park, located at Piauí (Brazil) and suggest that the communication synthesis is a common trend that could also be found in pre-historic human groups as they get familiar with the media platform used. Key words: communication, Vilém Flusser, Serra da Capivara National Park rupestrian paintings.As narrativas da contemporaneidade estão sofrendo um processo de simplificação, sobretudo as que compõem o universo eletrônico/ digital. O presente trabalho, que usa, como apoio teórico principal, a escalada da abstração de Vilém Flusser, indica que esse processo não é novo na história da Comunicação. Por meio de pesquisa de campo realizada no Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, em 2006, analisa-se o crescimento da abstração observada nas pinturas rupestres piauienses e sugere-se que a síntese comunicacional é uma tendência encontrada em grupos humanos, conforme estes se familiarizam com a plataforma mediática utilizada. Palavras-chave: comunicação, Vilém Flusser, pinturas rupestres do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara

No Clima da Copa: um boletim de rádio e seus ambientes comunicacionais

Este trabalho problematiza como o boletim No Clima da Copa, desenvolvido pelo jornalista Elcio Padovez durante a Copa do Mundo da Rússia e veiculado pela emissora paulistana Rádio Gazeta entre junho e julho de 2018, foi gerado e compartilhado em ambientes comunicacionais. A partir das noções de ambiente comunicacional (Baitello Jr.), etnografia (Winkin) e cultura (Bystrina; Gebauer), mostra indícios de que o boletim, marcado pela postura etnográfica do repórter, envolveu os ouvintes em um ambiente comunicacional e mostrou as potencialidades das pesquisas acadêmicas e das produções jornalísticas quando gestadas no diálogo entre antropologia (postura etnográfica) e comunicação.This work discusses how the bulletin No Clima da Copa, developed by journalist Elcio Padovez during the World Cup in Russia and aired by São Paulo radio station Rádio Gazeta between June and July 2018, was generated and shared in communication environments. From the notions of communicational environment (Baitello Jr.), ethnography (Winkin) and culture (Bystrina; Gebauer), it shows evidence that the bulletin, marked by the reporter's ethnographic stance, involved listeners in a communicational environment and showed the potential academic research and journalistic productions when generated in the dialogue between anthropology (ethnographic stance) and communication

Da hermenêutica de Nietzsche a uma epistemologia compreensiva da comunicação: “Não há fatos, mas somente interpretações”

 O texto se constrói no ambiente intelectual de incertezas a que estamos sujeitos quando fundamos nossa busca pela verdade numa visão plural e compreensiva de conhecimento. A partir de um viés perspectivista nietzschiano, à luz do questionamento do filósofo sobre o conceito de verdade e frente, também, às próprias incertezas do campo da hermenêutica, o mundo da pesquisa é provocado a lidar com as diferenças e com o não determinismo. O desafio dos autores, neste texto, é propor uma conversa de modo ensaístico no âmbito das preocupações em torno do quenomeamos compreensão como método, aplicada à Comunicação. Deve resultar desse esforço conversacional, reflexivo e interpretativo a convicção de um possível papel da Comunicação como operadora do diálogo entre teorias, epistemologias, áreas de conhecimento e saberes humanos em geral, científicos e não científicos

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Nas Ondas do Rádio: Estudo sobre a Rádio Mundial

A Rádio Mundial, criada em 1993 como parte do grupo CBS, que inclui a Tupi e a Kiss, expressa hoje uma programação plural, feita por 164 comunicadores, indivíduos ou instituições que locam um ou mais programas de 25 minutos. Este conjunto provê um cenário sonoro com visões multifacetadas de mundo, que mesclam de conteúdos primevos (como os programas a respeito do tarô) a contemporâneos, estes em grande parte ancorados em conceitos das neurociências e da física quântica, entre outros. Este estudo qualitativo concentrou-se na faixa horária das 7h30 às 8h, na semana de 24 a 30 de junho de 2013. O resultado é de fato um mix radiofônico amplo que, ao vincular simbolicamente os protagonistas, incluiu de talk shows jornalísticos, numa perspectiva do jornalismo aprofundado e compreensivo, a programas com propostas de saúde e qualidade de vida.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/217549771041