Saberes locales sobre tecnologías y estrategias de producción agropecuaria para la resiliencia climática

The research was carried out in the 2017-2018 agricultural cycle, in four characteristic communities of the Municipality of Toledo of the Oruro department of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. The objective was to identify local knowledge about agricultural production technologies and strategies that can generate sustainability in agricultural production systems to strengthen the resilience of Climate Change. The approach used was logical cultural historical research, participatory revalu-ative research. According to the results, it was possible to identify 10 agricultural production technologies used with the highest frequency, of which are used by the producers with the highest incidence (100%) is the wijiña (conical deposit dug in the ground to accumulate rainwater), followed by because it has a preference for 79.3% of producers, the kurmi khotas (traps to harvest rainwater) that only 16.6% of producers use. From these technologies grouped into 4 CC-resistant agricul-tural production strategies, it is evident that the Rainwater management plan and the management and management of native pastures and forage species introduced by those that the producer approves in their production systems.La investigación se realizó en el ciclo agropecuario 2017-2018, en cuatro comunidades características del Municipio de Toledo del departamento de Oruro del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. El objetivo fue identificar saberes locales sobre tecnologías y estrategias de producción agropecuaria que puedan generan sostenibilidad en los sistemas de producción agropecuaria para fortalecer la resiliencia al CC. El enfoque utilizado fue la investigación histórico cultural lógico, investi-gación participativa revalorizadora. De acuerdo a los resultados se lograron identificar 10 tecnologías de producción agrope-cuaria utilizadas con mayor frecuencia, de estas la utilizada por los productores con mayor incidencia (100%) es la wijiña (reservorio cónico excavado en el suelo para acumular agua de lluvia), seguido por el pozo que tiene una preferencia del 79.3% de productores, las kurmi khotas (trampas para cosecha de agua de lluvia) que solo el 16.6% de los productores la utilizan. De estas tecnologías agrupadas en 4 estrategias de producción agropecuaria resilientes al CC, se evidenció que el plan de manejo de agua de lluvia y el aprovechamiento y manejo de pastos nativos y especies forrajeras introducidas son los que el productor aprovecha en sus sistemas de producción

Pruebas diagnósticas in vivo en alergia inmediata a penicilina: estudio piloto

Antecedentes: La alergia a antibióticos notificada con más frecuencia es la penicilina. La falsa etiqueta de "alergia" a la penicilina afecta negativamente la calidad de vida del paciente y la atención médica. Objetivo:  Determinar la frecuencia de alergia a penicilina y amoxicilina mediante pruebas de exposición in vivo, en pacientes con antecedente de reacción inmediata a esta clase de medicamentos. Métodos.  Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo y prolectivo en pacientes entre 12 y 60 años con antecedente de reacción inmediata a penicilina y/o amoxicilina. Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas por prick e intradérmicas con bencilpeniciloil polilisina y penicilina G, y prueba de reto oral con amoxicilina.  La frecuencia de positividad y negatividad en estas pruebas fue calculado con un IC del 95%. Los resultados se analizaron en Epi info 7.2.5.0 Resultados.  Se incluyeron 13 pacientes (10 mujeres), con una media de edad  de 39 años (DE 12.14) y diagnóstico predominante de rinitis alérgica (61,5%). En 84,6% de casos la última reacción adversa a medicamentos ocurrió 10 años atrás y en todos se manifestó con urticaria. Sólo en cinco pacientes (38,4%) se corroboró alergia a penicilina y la reacción adversa más frecuente tras las pruebas in vivo fue prurito (23 %). Conclusiones. La historia clínica por sí sola no es suficiente, todos los pacientes con sospecha de alergia a penicilina deben ser evaluados mediante pruebas  de exposición in vivo con los determinantes mayores y menores para corroborar o descartar alergia a esta clase farmacológica

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Saberes locales sobre tecnologías y estrategias de producción agropecuaria para la resiliencia climática

The research was carried out in the 2017-2018 agricultural cycle, in four characteristic communities of the Municipality of Toledo of the Oruro department of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. The objective was to identify local knowledge about agricultural production technologies and strategies that can generate sustainability in agricultural production systems to strengthen the resilience of Climate Change. The approach used was logical cultural historical research, participatory revalu-ative research. According to the results, it was possible to identify 10 agricultural production technologies used with the highest frequency, of which are used by the producers with the highest incidence (100%) is the wijiña (conical deposit dug in the ground to accumulate rainwater), followed by because it has a preference for 79.3% of producers, the kurmi khotas (traps to harvest rainwater) that only 16.6% of producers use. From these technologies grouped into 4 CC-resistant agricul-tural production strategies, it is evident that the Rainwater management plan and the management and management of native pastures and forage species introduced by those that the producer approves in their production systems.La investigación se realizó en el ciclo agropecuario 2017-2018, en cuatro comunidades características del Municipio de Toledo del departamento de Oruro del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. El objetivo fue identificar saberes locales sobre tecnologías y estrategias de producción agropecuaria que puedan generan sostenibilidad en los sistemas de producción agropecuaria para fortalecer la resiliencia al CC. El enfoque utilizado fue la investigación histórico cultural lógico, investi-gación participativa revalorizadora. De acuerdo a los resultados se lograron identificar 10 tecnologías de producción agrope-cuaria utilizadas con mayor frecuencia, de estas la utilizada por los productores con mayor incidencia (100%) es la wijiña (reservorio cónico excavado en el suelo para acumular agua de lluvia), seguido por el pozo que tiene una preferencia del 79.3% de productores, las kurmi khotas (trampas para cosecha de agua de lluvia) que solo el 16.6% de los productores la utilizan. De estas tecnologías agrupadas en 4 estrategias de producción agropecuaria resilientes al CC, se evidenció que el plan de manejo de agua de lluvia y el aprovechamiento y manejo de pastos nativos y especies forrajeras introducidas son los que el productor aprovecha en sus sistemas de producción

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit