Рубаї в українській поезії

Рецензія на монографію: Сьомочкіна Олена. Рубаї в українській поезії: від канонізованої строфи до поліжанру. Монографія. - ІС: КиМУ, 2005. - 252 с

Specificity and coherence of body representations

Bodily illusions differently affect body representations underlying perception and action. We investigated whether this task dependence reflects two distinct dimensions of embodiment: the sense of agency and the sense of the body as a coherent whole. In experiment 1 the sense of agency was manipulated by comparing active versus passive movements during the induction phase in a video rubber hand illusion (vRHI) setup. After induction, proprioceptive biases were measured both by perceptual judgments of hand position, as well as by measuring end-point accuracy of subjects' active pointing movements to an external object with the affected hand. The results showed, first, that the vRHI is largely perceptual: passive perceptual localisation judgments were altered, but end-point accuracy of active pointing responses with the affected hand to an external object was unaffected. Second, within the perceptual judgments, there was a novel congruence effect, such that perceptual biases were larger following passive induction of vRHI than following active induction. There was a trend for the converse effect for pointing responses, with larger pointing bias following active induction. In experiment 2, we used the traditional RHI to investigate the coherence of body representation by synchronous stimulation of either matching or mismatching fingers on the rubber hand and the participant's own hand. Stimulation of matching fingers induced a local proprioceptive bias for only the stimulated finger, but did not affect the perceived shape of the hand as a whole. In contrast, stimulation of spatially mismatching fingers eliminated the RHI entirely. The present results show that (i) the sense of agency during illusion induction has specific effects, depending on whether we represent our body for perception or to guide action, and (ii) representations of specific body parts can be altered without affecting perception of the spatial configuration of the body as a whole

Prehension and perception of size in left visual neglect

Right hemisphere damaged patients with and without left visual neglect, and age-matched controls had objects of various sizes presented within left or right body hemispace. Subjects were asked to estimate the objects’ sizes or to reach out and grasp them, in order to assess visual size processing in perceptual-experiential and action-based contexts respectively. No impairments of size processing were detected in the prehension performance of the neglect patients but a generalised slowing of movement was observed, associated with an extended deceleration phase. Additionally both patient groups reached maximum grip aperture relatively later in the movement than did controls. For the estimation task it was predicted that the left visual neglect group would systematically underestimate the sizes of objects presented within left hemispace but no such abnormalities were observed. Possible reasons for this unexpected null finding are discussed

Genome editing in bread wheat using CRISPR/Cas9

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2022.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food crops consumed by humans, providing approximately 20% of the world’s total caloric intake. However, wheat yields must be increased to supply the growing demand of an increasing global population. Traditional breeding techniques will not be sufficient to confront this challenge and improved genetic engineering and molecular-based techniques will be a necessity. The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated) technology has emerged as a promising genetic engineering tool for the purposes of plant breeding. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been developed as a DNA-free genome editing technique allowing for a precise and efficient method to genetically improve bread wheat while mitigating regulatory concerns. This study, therefore, aimed to establish CRISPR/Cas9 system in bread wheat and investigate the feasibility of this system in a DNA-free format. To achieve this, ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) were assembled by complexing single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences targeting regions of a gene involved in the carotenoid pathway to the Cas9 protein. The RNPs were subsequently introduced to immature embryos through biolistic bombardment. Immature embryos were assessed to confirm successful editing of the target genes. No editing was detected in the experimental target. Evidence is provided for successful editing in embryos bombarded with RNPs mediated by a previously validated sgRNA. To establish an efficient method of achieving CRISPR/Cas9 edited wheat plants, a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 DNA construct was assembled and introduced into wheat tissues through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment. No edits were detected in plantlets that were regenerated on selective media from embryos transformed with Agrobacterium carrying the CRISPR/Cas9 construct. However, indels were detected in pre-initiated calli bombarded with the multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 DNA construct when analysed with the ICE v2 online software. Furthermore, various wheat transformation and regeneration protocols are assessed. Overall, the results provide insights into methods to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 components into bread wheat explant tissue for genome editing. A rapid and accessible method of screening for edits in pooled samples through PCR/RE assays followed by ICE v2 software analyses is demonstrated. Further, a vector delivery method that could circumvent challenging tissue culture procedures through the bombardment of mature embryos is explored. Possible optimisations of CRISPR/Cas delivery systems and experimental design are highlighted for future studies.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Broodkoring (Triticum aestivum) is een van die belangrikste voedselgewasse wat deur mense verbruik word, wat ongeveer 20% van die wêreld se totale kalorie-inname verskaf. Koringopbrengste moet egter verhoog word om in die groeiende aanvraag van 'n toenemende wêreldbevolking te voorsien. Tradisionele teeltegnieke sal nie voldoende wees om hierdie uitdaging die hoof te bied nie en verbeterde genetiese ingenieurswese en molekulêr-gebaseerde tegnieke sal 'n noodsaaklikheid wees. Die CRISPR/Cas-tegnologie het na vore gekom as 'n belowende genetiese ingenieurswerktuig vir die doeleindes van plantteling. Die CRISPR/Cas9-stelsel is onlangs ontwikkel as 'n DNS-vrye genoomredigeringstegniek wat voorsiening maak vir 'n presiese en doeltreffende metode om broodkoring geneties te verbeter terwyl regulatoriese bekommernisse versag word. Hierdie studie het dus ten doel gehad om CRISPR/Cas9-stelsel in broodkoring te vestig en die uitvoerbaarheid van hierdie stelsel in 'n DNS-vrye formaat te ondersoek. Om dit te bereik, is ribonukleoproteïene (RNP's) saamgestel deur enkelgids-RNA (sgRNA)-volgordes te ontwerp wat streke van 'n geen in die karotenoïedweg, teiken, aan die Cas9-proteïen te bind. Die RNP's is daarna in onvolwasse embrio's ingedra deur biolistiese bombardement. Onvolwasse embrios is geassesseer om suksesvolle redigering van die teikengene te bevestig. Geen redigering is in die eksperimentele teiken bespeur nie. Bewyse word egter verskaf vir suksesvolle redigering in embrios wat gebombardeer is met RNP's wat vooraf-bevestigde sgRNA bevat het. Om 'n doeltreffende metode te vestig om CRISPR/Cas9 geredigeerde koringplante te genereer, is 'n multipleks CRISPR/Cas9 DNA-vektor saamgestel en in koringweefsels ingevoeg deur Agrobacterium- gemedieerde transformasie en partikelbombardement. Geen redigering is opgemerk in plantjies wat op selektiewe media geregenereer is vanaf embrios wat getransformeer is met Agrobacterium met die CRISPR/Cas9-konstruk nie. Indels is egter opgespoor in vooraf-geïnisieerde kallusse wat gebombardeer is met die multipleks CRISPR/Cas9 DNA-konstruksie wanneer dit met die ICE v2 aanlyn sagteware ontleed is. Verder word verskeie koringtransformasie- en regenerasieprotokolle geassesseer. Oor die algemeen verskaf die resultate insig in metodes om CRISPR/Cas9- komponente in broodkoring ex-plantweefsel vir genoomredigering te lewer. 'n Vinnige en toeganklike metode van sifting vir redigering in saamgevoegde monsters deur PCR/RE-toetse, gevolg deur ICE v2-sagteware-ontledings word gedemonstreer. Verder word 'n vektor-afleweringsmetode ondersoek wat uitdagende weefselkultuurprosedures kan omseil deur die bombardement van volwasse embrios. Moontlike optimalisering van CRISPR/Cas-afleweringstelsels en eksperimentele ontwerp word uitgelig vir toekomstige studies.Master

Пам’яті Ірини Миколаївни Алексєєвої

На 77-му ропі життя, 9 лютого 2011 р. відійшла від нас знана і шанована людина, доктор біологічних наук, завідувач відділу імунології і цитотоксичних сироваток Інституту фізіології ім. О.О. Богомольця НАН України, Ірина Миколаївна Алексєєва

Feasibility of assessing the safety and effectiveness of menstrual regulation medications purchased from pharmacies in Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of following up women who purchase mifepristone+misoprostol or misoprostol-only from pharmacies in order to measure the safety and effectiveness of self-administration of menstrual regulation. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study followed women purchasing mifepristone+misoprostol or misoprostol-only from pharmacies in Bangladesh. Participants were recruited by pharmacy workers either in person or indirectly via the purchaser of the drugs. End users were contacted by phone 2 weeks after recruitment, screened and interviewed. RESULTS: Study recruitment rates by pharmacy workers were low (30%, 109 of 642 women informed about the study), but 2-week follow-up rates were high (87%). Of the 109 end users interviewed, 87 purchased mifepristone+misoprostol and 20 misoprostol-only, while 2 women did not know what drugs they had purchased. Mean self-reported number of weeks of pregnancy was 5.7 weeks. Information provision by pharmacy workers was inadequate (40.4% received none, 8.7% received written information or pictures). A total of 80.5% of mifepristone+misoprostol users were sold the correct regimen versus 9 out of 20 misoprostol-only users. A total of 68.8% did not report experiencing any complications (70.0% misoprostol-only; 69.0% mifepristone+misoprostol users, p=1.0). A total of 94.3% of mifepristone+misoprostol users and 75% of misoprostol-only users reported that they were not pregnant at day 15 (p=.020). However, 7.3% of all users sought additional treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Challenges in assessing outcomes of self-managed menstrual regulation medications purchased from pharmacies must be overcome through further development of this methodology. Interventions are urgently needed to ensure that women have access to correct dosages, accurate information and necessary referrals. IMPLICATIONS: This paper assesses the outcomes of women who self-manage menstrual regulation medications purchased from pharmacies. The methodology requires further development, but our study provides preliminary positive evidence on the safety and effectiveness of self-management despite low information provision from pharmacy workers

Организационная модель аудита доходов санаторно-курортных предприятий

Целью статьи является определение сущности с учетом взглядов ученых и обоснование особенностей организационной модели аудита доходов санаторно-курортных организаций.Метою статті є визначення суті з урахуванням поглядів учених і обґрунтування особливостей організаційної моделі аудиту доходів санаторно-курортних організацій

Grasping the past: delay can improve visuomotor performance

“Optic ataxia” is caused by damage to the human posterior parietal cortex (PPC). It disrupts all components of a visually guided prehension movement, not only the transport of the hand toward an object's location [1], but also the in-flight finger movements pretailored to the metric properties of the object [2, 3 and 4]. Like previous cases [4 and 5], our patient (I.G.) was quite unable to open her handgrip appropriately when directly reaching out to pick up objects of different sizes. When first tested, she failed to do this even when she had previewed the target object 5 s earlier. Yet despite this deficit in “real” grasping, we found, counterintuitively, that I.G. showed good grip scaling when “pantomiming” a grasp for an object seen earlier but no longer present. We then found that, after practice, I.G. became able to scale her handgrip when grasping a real target object that she had previewed earlier. By interposing catch trials in which a different object was covertly substituted for the original object during the delay between preview and grasp, we found that I.G. was now using memorized visual information to calibrate her real grasping movements. These results provide new evidence that “off-line” visuomotor guidance can be provided by networks independent of the PPC