Impacto de la implementación de la traqueostomía percutánea en la UCI-A del Hospital Universitario de Neiva

Objective: Open tracheostomy (OT) and percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) are frequent procedures in mechanically ventilated patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Several publications have compared both techniques and their complications, especially in developed countries. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the OT and PT procedures, analyzing their complications in an ICU population of a university hospital in a developing country.  Materials and Methods: in the adult ICU in Neiva University Hospital (NUH), 66 OT and 46 PT were performed in a 21-month and 6-month period, respectively. These two retrospective cohorts were analyzed, including demographic and causal factors, request reasons, accomplishment times. Early complications and mortality were also analyzed. Results: The incidence of PT was 12.5% compared with 9% of OT. Early tracheostomy (first 10 days of orotracheal intubation), was more frequent percutaneously (OT:70%, PT: 96%). Early complications were 2.9 times more common in OT patients compared with PT (p:0.00015). Bleeding was the main complication in both techniques, being 4.7 times greater in OT compared with PT (p: 0.0022). The infection rate of surgical site was 5.6 times greater in OT than in PT (p: 0.0009). There was no association between the coagulation times as a risk factor and postsurgical bleeding. Complications like false route and pneuromathorax were present only in the PT group and were immediately solved by the surgeon in charge of the case. There was no mortality related to the procedure in any case. Conclusions: during the analysis of OT and PT carried out in the Adult ICU of the NUH, complications like bleeding and infection at the operatory site were minimal in the PT group compared with OT. PT was carried out earlier and in less time compared with OT which implies improvement in the opportunity of its performance.Objetivo: La traqueostomía abierta (TA) y la traqueostomía percutánea (TP) son procedimientos frecuentes en los pacientes con ventilación mecánica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Varias publicaciones han comparado ambas técnicas y sus complicaciones especialmente en países desarrollados. El presente estudio busca identificar las características del procedimiento de TA y TP, analizando sus complicaciones en una población de UCI de un Hospital Universitario de un país en vía de desarrollo. Materiales y métodos: En la UCI adultos del Hospital Universitario de Neiva (HUN), se realizaron 66 TA en un periodo de 21 meses y 46 TP en un periodo de 6 meses. Se analizaron estas dos cohortes retrospectivas incluyendo factores demográficos, causales, motivo de solicitud, tiempos de realización, complicaciones tempranas y mortalidad. Resultados: La incidencia de la TP fue de 12.5% comparada con 9% de la TA. La traqueostomía temprana (primeros 10 días de intubación oro-traqueal), fue más frecuente por vía percutánea (TA: 70%, TP: 96%). Se encontraron 2.9 veces más complicaciones tempranas en los pacientes de TA comparados con los de TP (p:0.00015). El sangrado fue la principal complicación en ambas técnicas siendo 4,7 veces mayor en la TA comparada con la TP (p: 0.0022). La infección del sitio operatorio o estoma fue 5.6 veces mayor en la TA que en la TP (p: 0.0009). No se encontró asociación entre los tiempos de coagulación como factor de riesgo y el sangrado post-quirúrgico. Complicaciones como la falsa ruta y el neumotórax se presentaron únicamente en la TP y fueron resueltos inmediatamente por el cirujano que realizo el procedimiento. En ningún caso se reporto mortalidad relacionada con el procedimiento. Conclusiones: En el análisis de las TA y TP realizadas en la UCI adultos del HUN, las complicaciones menores como sangrado e infección del estoma fueron inferiores en la TP comparada con la TA. La TP fue realizada mas tempranamente, comparada con la TA y en menores tiempos lo que implica mejoría en la oportunidad de su realización

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Search for narrow resonances using the dijet mass spectrum in pp collisions at s√=8 TeV

Results are presented of a search for the production of new particles decaying to pairs of partons (quarks, antiquarks, or gluons), in the dijet mass spectrum in proton-proton collisions at s√=8  TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.0  fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2012. No significant evidence for narrow resonance production is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of hypothetical new particles decaying to quark-quark, quark-gluon, or gluon-gluon final states. These limits are then translated into lower limits on the masses of new resonances in specific scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. The limits reach up to 4.8 TeV, depending on the model, and extend previous exclusions from similar searches performed at lower collision energies. For the first time mass limits are set for the Randall–Sundrum graviton model in the dijet channel

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity

Search for heavy resonances in the W/Z-tagged dijet mass spectrum in pp collisions at 7 TeV

A search has been made for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson, qW or qZ, or a pair of vector bosons, WW, WZ, or ZZ, where each vector boson decays to hadronic final states. This search is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb 121 of proton\u2013proton collisions collected in the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For sufficiently heavy resonances the decay products of each vector boson are merged into a single jet, and the event effectively has a dijet topology. The background from QCD dijet events is reduced using recently developed techniques that resolve jet substructure. A 95% CL lower limit is set on the mass of excited quark resonances decaying into qW (qZ) at 2.38 TeV (2.15 TeV) and upper limits are set on the cross section for resonances decaying to qW, qZ, WW, WZ, or ZZ final states

Search for long-lived particles in events with photons and missing energy in proton\u2013proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for long-lived neutralinos decaying into a photon and an invisible particle, a signature associated with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking in supersymmetric models. The analysis is based on a 4.9 inverse femtobarn sample of proton-proton collisions at 1as = 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The missing transverse energy and the time of arrival of the photon at the electromagnetic calorimeter are used to search for an excess of events over the expected background. No significant excess is observed, and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are obtained on the mass of the lightest neutralino, m(neutralino) > 220 GeV (for c tau 6000 mm (for m(neutralino) < 150 GeV)