Producción de biofertilizante con calidad sanitaria por ecodigestión de estiércol vacuno fortalecido con guano de isla peruano

The sanitary quality, ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of a biofertilizer obtained using a semi-continuous anaerobic bioreactor, the Indian model, were determined. A bovine fermentative inoculum was prepared and island guano as substrate. This biofertilizer was obtained at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, a significant increase of 42.42% ( NH4+), 8.9% (P2O5) and 30.5% (K2O) was observed, with the average temperature in the bioreactor being 22 °C. The removal efficiency of 82.1% for COD and 95.4% for BOD5 was estimated for a time of 28 days, pH of 6.78 and 7.85, and input and output on average, respectively. Removal of 99.9% of total coliforms was obtained in the maximum time of 28 days.Se determinó la calidad sanitaria, nitrógeno amoniacal, fósforo y potasio de un biofertilizante obtenido utilizando un biorreactor anaerobio semicontinuo modelo hindú. Se preparó un inóculo fermentativo de bovino y como sustrato  guano de isla. Este biofertilizante se obtuvo a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días, se observó un incremento significativo de 42,42% ( NH4+), 8,9% (P2O5) y 30,5% (K2O), siendo la temperatura promedio en el biorreactor de 22 °C. Se estimó una eficiencia de remoción de 82,1 % para la DQO y 95.4% para la DBO5  para un tiempo de 28 días, pH de 6,78 y 7,85, de entrada y salida en promedio respectivamente. Se obtuvo una remoción del 99.9% de coliformes totales en el tiempo máximo de 28 días

Estudio Del Alumbrado Público De La Universidad Técnica De Manabí

Abstract— El consumo energético es algo del cual se debe tener más en cuenta al momento de utilizar los distintos aparatos que rinden nuestro uso diario. En este caso  teniendo como centro al alumbrado público. El problema demuestra el estudio del alumbrado de las luminarias en la Universidad Técnica de Manabi, tanto asi como factores que influyen al consume, redimiento, luminosidad, eficiencia, entre otros. Se observa como estas distintas luminarias tienen caracteristicas diferentes, se analiza las ventajas y desventajas de una respecto a la otra. Hace conocer a sus lectores sobre la viabilidad que tiene cada tipo de luminaria para ser tomada en cuenta. Index Terms— Luminarias, Impactos, incandescentes, CFL, le

Evaluation of Moringa oleífera in the water treatment with high turbidity and organic

[ES] El presente trabajo evalúa la eficiencia del uso de la Moringa oleífera (M.O) como coagulante en el tratamiento de aguas de alta turbidez y carga orgánica. Inicialmente los resultados demostraron que el coagulante a base de las semillas de M.O pre-tratada con cloruro de sodio (NaCl 1.0 N) y usando una dosis de 0.74 g/L, alcanza remociones de 87.3% y 88.8% para turbidez y sólidos suspendidos totales (SST), asimismo valores de 25.9% y 26.3% para DBO5 y DQO respectivamente. En una segunda etapa, el coagulante, sometido a extracción Soxhlet y dosis de 0.5 g/L, muestran máximas eficiencia de 97.8%, 89.99%, 51.4% y 35.3% en la remoción de turbidez, SST, DQO y DBO5. Las más altas eficiencias obtenidas fueron alcanzadas mediante la previa extracción de aceites, grasas y otros componentes de la semilla de M.O. Estudios relacionados al reaprovechamiento de sub-productos de la extracción deben ser realizados.[EN] In this study, the removal efficiency of Moringa Oleifera (M.O) seed as coagulant in the treatment of highly loaded wastewater in terms of turbidity and organic matter was evaluated. Initially the results showed removals of 87.3% and 88.8% for turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) and 25.9% and 26.3% for BOD5 and COD respectively, when the seeds of M.O were pre-treated with sodium chloride (NaCl 1.0 N) and used as coagulant at a dose of 0.74 g/L. In a second stage, the natural coagulants previously subjected to Soxhlet extraction were compared, the results showed maximum efficiency with 0.5 g/L of the seed of M.O, with values of 97.8%, 9.99%, 51.4% and 35.3% in the removal of turbidity, TSS, COD and BOD5, respectively. The highest efficiencies were achieved through the prior extraction of oils, fats and other components of the M.O seed. Studies related to the reuse of extraction by-products should be performed.Mejía Carrillo, PW.; Urquia Collantes, K.; Cabello Torres, RJ.; Valdiviezo Gonzales, LG. (2020). Evaluación de la Moringa oleifera en el tratamiento de aguas con alta turbidez y carga orgánica. Ingeniería del agua. 24(2):119-127. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2020.12274OJS119127242Adinolfi, M., Corsaro, M. M., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Folkard, G., Grant, W., Sutherland, J. 1994. Composition of the coagulant polysaccharide fraction from Strychnos potatorum seeds. Carbohydrate research, 263(1), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)00149-9Amran, A., Syamimi Zaidi, N., Muda, K., Wai Loan, L. 2018. Effectiveness of Natural Coagulant in Coagulation Process: A Review. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.9), 34. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9.15269Bongiovani, M. C., Camacho, F. P., Nishi, L., Coldebella, P. F., Valverde, K. C., Vieira, A. M., Bergamasco, R. 2014. Improvement of the coagulation/flocculation process using a combination of Moringa oleifera lam with anionic polymer in water treatment. Environmental Technology. 35(17), 2227-2236. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.899398Camacho, F. P., Sousa, V. S., Bergamasco, R., Teixeira, M. R. 2017. The use of Moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant in surface water treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal. 313(1), 226-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.12.031Crapper, D. R., Krishnan, S. S., Dalton, A. J. 1973. Brain aluminum distribution in Alzheimer's disease and experimental neurofibrillary degeneration. Science, 180(4085), 511-513. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4085.511Eman, N. A., Tan, C. S., Makky, E. A. 2014. Impact of Moringa oleifera Cake Residue Application on Waste Water Treatment: A Case Study. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 6(7), 677-687. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2014.67065Fersi, C., Gamra, B., Bozrati, H., Gorgi, C., Irmani, A. 2018. Characterizing the performance of coagulation-flocculation using natural coagulants as pretreatment of tannery wastewater. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 9(8), 2379-2386. Obtenido de https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol9/vol9_N8/262-JMES-4022-Fersi.pdfFreitas, T. K. F. S., Almeida, C. A., Manholer, D. D., Geraldino, H. C. L., De Sousa, M. T. F., Garcia, J. C. 2018. Review of Utilization Plant-Based Coagulants as Alternatives to Textile Wastewater Treatment. In: Textile Science and Clothing Technology (MUTHU, S. ed.) Detox Fashion, Springer, Singapore, 27-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4780-0_2Garcia-Fayos, B., Arnal, J.M.., Sancho, M., Rodrigo, I. 2016. Moringa oleifera for drinking water treatment: influence of the solvent and method used in oilextraction on the coagulant efficiency of the seed extract. Desalination and water treatment, 57(48-49), 23397-23404. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1137144Keogh, M. B., Elmusharaf, K., Borde, P., McGuigan, K.G. 2017. Evaluation of the natural coagulant Moringa oleifera as a pretreatment for SODIS in contaminated turbid water. Solar Energy, 158, 448-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.10.010Kristianto, H. (2017). The Potency of Indonesia Native Plants as Natural Coagulant: a Mini Review. Water Conservation Science and Engineering, 2(2), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-017-0024-4Kumar, V., Othman, N., Asharuddin, S. 2017. Applications of Natural Coagulants to Treat Wastewater − A Review. MATEC web conferences, 103(06016), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710306016Kwaambwa, H. M., Rennie, A. R. 2011. Interactions of surfactants with a water treatment protein from Moringa oleifera seeds in solution studied by zeta-potential and light scattering measurements. Biopolymers, 97(4), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.22014Lee, C. S., Robinson, J., Chong, M. F. 2014. A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 92, 489-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.04.010Lédo, P. G., Lima, R. F., Paulo, J. B., Duarte, M. A. 2009. Estudio Comparativo de Sulfato de Aluminio y Semillas de Moringa oleifera para la Depuración de Aguas con Baja Turbiedad. Información Tecnológica, 20(5), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642009000500002Liew, A. G., Noor, J. M., Muyibi, S.A., Fugara, A. M., Muhammed, T. A., Iyuke, S. E. 2006. Surface water clarification using M. oleifera seeds. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 63(2), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207230500117670Macías, M. R., Domínguez, Y. D., Y., Muñoz, S.R., Alvarez, B.G., B., Santana E, F., García, D.T. 2017. Empleo de semillas de Moringa oleifera en el tratamiento de residuales líquidos. Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, 38(2), 87-101. Obtenido de http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1680-03382017000200007&lng=es&tlng=es.Matilainen, A., Vepsäläinen, M., Sillanpää, M. 2010. Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: a review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 159(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.007MVCS. 2006. Reglamento Nacional de edificaciones, DS N° 011-2006- VIVIENDA: Ministerio de Vivienda Construcción y Saneamiento. Obtenido de http://www3.vivienda.gob.pe/Direcciones/Documentos/RNE_Actualizado_Solo_Saneamiento.pdfNdabigengesere, A., Narasiah, K. S. 1998. Quality of Water Treated by Coagulation Using Moringa oleifera Seeds. Water Research: 32(3), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00295-9Nkurunziza, T., Nduwayezu, J. B., Banadda, E. N., Nhapi, I. 2009. The effect of turbidity levels and Moringa oleifera concentration on the effectiveness of coagulation in water treatment. Water Science & Technology, 59(8), 1551-1558. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.155Okuda, T., Baes, A. U., Nishijima, W., Okada, M. 1999. Improvement of extraction method of coagulation active components from Moringa oleifera seed. Water Research, 33(15), 3373-3378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00046-9Petersen, H. H., Petersen, T. B., Enemark, H. L., Olsen, A., Dalsgaard, A. 2016. Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in low quality water using Moringa oleifera seed extract as coagulant. Food and Waterborne Parasitology, 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2016.03.002Pritchard, M., Craven, T., Mkandawire, T., Edmondson, A. S., O'neill, J. G. 2010. A comparison between Moringa oleifera and chemical coagulants in the purification of drinking water - An alternative sustainable solution for developing countries. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 35(13-14), 798-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.014Sengul, A. B., Ersan, G., Tufekci, N. 2018. Removal of intra and extracellular microcystin by submerged ultrafiltration (UF) membrane combined with coagulation/flocculation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Journal of Hazard Materials. 343, 29-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.018SUNASS. 2008. Estudio Diagnostico situacional de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales en las EPS del Perú y Propuestas de solución: Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento. Obtenido de https://www.sunass.gob.pe/doc/Publicaciones/libro_ptar_gtz_sunass.pdfSUNASS. 2015. Diagnóstico de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales en el ámbito de operación de las entidades prestadoras de servicios de saneamiento: Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento Obtenido de https://www.sunass.gob.pe/doc/Publicaciones/libro_ptar_gtz_sunass.pdfChoumane, F.Z., Benguella, B., Maachou, B., Saadi, N. 2017. Valorisation of a bioflocculant and hydroxyapatites as coagulationflocculation adjuvants in wastewater treatment of the steppe in the wilaya of Saida (Algeria). Ecological Engineering, 107, 152-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.07.01

Lung Cancer in Peru

Peru is a South American nation with a growing and aging population of 31 million people with a life expectancy at birth of 76.7 years. The country is divided into 25 regions, 79% of the population is urban, and Lima, the capital, concentrates more than a third of the population.1 Although Peru is an upper-middle-income country, health expenditure represents only 5.1% of the gross domestic product, which is lower than the average of Latin America and the Caribbean (LATAM) (8.56%).2 Out-of-pocket health expenditure is 30.9%.3 Peru has a comprehensive National Cancer Plan and two population-based cancer registries in Lima and Arequipa.Revisión por pare

Sugar industry waste for bioelectricity generation

Microbial fuel cells are presented as the promise of technology to generate electricity by using organic waste. In this research, molasses waste from Laredo Agroindustrial Company was used as fuel, as well as graphite and zinc electrodes, managing to build low-cost cells. It was possible to generate voltage and current peaks of 0.389 ± 0.021 V and 1.179 ± 0.079 mA, respectively. The cells showed that acid pH levels and conductivity values were around 100 mS/cm during the period of the highest bioelectricity generation. The maximum power density was 3.76 ± 0.62 W/ cm2 for a current density of 247.55 mA/cm2, showing a peak voltage of 0.459 ± 0.52 V. The yeasts showed a logarithmic phase up to day 25 reflecting an increase in cell growth. Microbial fuel cells are projected to be the most viable solution for organic waste and clean energy generation problems

Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 from a Hospital in Northern Peru

We aimed to identify the factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 from the hospitalization service of the Cayetano Heredia Hospital, Piura, Peru, from May to June 2020. A prospective study was conducted in hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 through serological and/or molecular reactive testing. The dependent variable was death due to COVID-19, and the independent variables were the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patient. The chi-square test and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test were used, with a significance level of 5%. Of 301 patients with COVID-19, the majority of them were male (66.1%), and the mean age was 58.63 years. Of the patients analyzed, 41.3% of them died, 40.2% of them were obese and 59.8% of them had hepatic steatosis. The three most frequent signs/symptoms were dyspnea (90.03%), fatigue (90.03%) and a cough (84.72%). Being an older adult (p = 0.011), being hospitalized in the ICU (p = 0.001), overweight (p = 0.016), obese (p = 0.021) and having compromised consciousness (p = 0.039) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.024) were associated with mortality due to COVID-19. Overall, the mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 41.3%. Having an older age, being hospitalized in the ICU, overweight, obese and having compromised consciousness and thrombocytopenia were positively associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. These findings highlight the need to establish an adequate system of surveillance and epidemiological education in hospitals and communities in the event of new outbreaks, especially in rural and northern Peru

Social support, social network size, social strain, stressful life events, and coronary heart disease in women with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study based on the women’s health initiative

We studied associations between social support, social network size, social strain, or stressful life events and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From the Women’s Health Initiative, 5,262 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes at baseline were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographics, depressive symptoms, anthropometric variables, and lifestyle factors were used to examine associations between social factors and CHD. RESULTS A total of 672 case subjects with CHD were observed during an average 12.79 (SD 6.29) years of follow-up. There was a significant linear trend toward higher risk of CHD as the number of stressful life events increased (P for trend 5 0.01; hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] for the third and fourth quartiles compared with first quartile: 1.27 [1.03–1.56] and 1.30 [1.04–1.64]). Being married or in an intimate relationship was related to decreased risk of CHD (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.69–0.97]). CONCLUSIONS Among postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, higher levels of stressful life events were associated with higher risk of CHD. Experience of stressful life events might be considered as a risk factor for CHD among women with type 2 diabetes

Desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz

El proceso de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico está directamente relacionado con una adecuada metodología de procesos industriales, que cada vez son más exigentes en competitividad, eficiencia energética y de normativas ambientales. Este libro contempla resultados de un proceso de investigación y desarrollo de nuevas técnicas aplicadas en el campo de la Ingeniería Automotriz desde cuatro aristas: eficiencia energética y contaminación ambiental, planificación del transporte, ingeniería del mantenimiento aplicada al transporte y desagregación tecnológica. Este libro conmemora 20 años de formación universitaria salesiana en el sector de transporte y recoge las experiencias y resultados obtenidos asociados con el desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha convocado a la comunidad científica, académica y profesionales de la industria automotriz a participar en la publicación. Cada capítulo fue sometido a revisión, evaluación y aprobación por un comité científico altamente calificado, proveniente de seis países: Colombia, Ecuador, España, Guinea Ecuatorial, México y Venezuela. Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al gran apoyo de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS sede Cuenca), Ecuador y Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)

2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An extensive evidence review was conducted as the document was compiled through December 2008. Repeated literature searches were performed by the guideline development staff and writing committee members as new issues were considered. New clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals and articles through December 2011 were also reviewed and incorporated when relevant. Furthermore, because of the extended development time period for this guideline, peer review comments indicated that the sections focused on imaging technologies required additional updating, which occurred during 2011. Therefore, the evidence review for the imaging sections includes published literature through December 2011