Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de mujeres en edad fértil acerca de la toma del Papanicolaou que asisten al centro de salud Enrique Cisnes de Nindiri, Departamento de Masaya. Julio - Septiembre del 2016

El cáncer cervical (Cacu) constituye un problema de salud pública en el ámbitomundial, ya que es la segunda neoplasia que más muertes ocasiona entre la población femenina. En el mundo se estiman 500.000 casos anuales, de los cuales el 80% de ellos corresponden a países en vías de desarrollo. Datos oficiales del Ministerio de Salud de Nicaragua, lo ubican como la primera causa de morbimortalidad que afecta a las mujeres Nicaragüenses. Este comportamiento se encuentra relacionado a Condiciones Socio Económicas de pobreza, y además condicionado por influencias socio cultural que afectan directamente el manejo y seguimiento de esta patología de forma muy importante. En el país los bajos niveles de cobertura y limitaciones en el diagnóstico precoz son fenómenos que persisten en la mayor parte de la población femenina. Datos similares has sido reportado en estudios realizados en países de América Latina. Para superar estos obstáculos se requiere, el impulsar estrategias que mejoren el conocimiento sobre la técnica de Papanicolaou, desarrollar una mayor calidad en la atención de salud de las mujeres, dentro de un proceso de mejoramiento de los recursos humanos con métodos de actualización y mejoría del conocimiento. Se realizó un estudio en una muestra de 128 mujeres en edad fértil con vida sexual activa, que asisten al Centro de Salud Enrique Cisnes de Nindiri, Departamento de Masaya en el período comprendido del 1ro de julio al 30 de septiembre del 2016. Se realizó una encuesta dirigida a las mujeres en estudio para valorar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre el Papanicolaou. De las 128 mujeres entrevistadas el 26.6% correspondió al grupo de 15 a 26 años, y el 47.7% al grupo de edad de 27 a 38 años. Según el estado civil predominaron las mujeres Casadas con un 35.9%, seguidas de las Acompañadas con un 34.5%. En cuanto a la religión, las mujeres en estudio un 47.7% profesaban la religión católica y un 41.4% la evangélica, 10.9% pertenecían a otras entidades religiosas. Las mujeres tuvieron una procedencia rural, en el 53.1% de los casos y procedencia urbana en el 46.9%. En la escolaridad encontramos que el 27.3% cursaban Primaria, 38.3% cursaban la secundaria el 10.2% tenían un nivel técnico y un 24.2% se encontraban en la universidad. De manera general encontramos que el nivel de conocimiento fue bueno solo en el 67.2%, de la muestra, prevaleció en un 21.9% el nivel de conocimiento regular, y en el 10.9% tuvieron un nivel de conocimiento malo. El nivel de actitud fue favorable en el 55.4% de las mujeres en el presente estudio, el comportamiento de las prácticas fue buena también en el 77.3% de los casos. VI Los resultados obtenidos nos orientan a indicar la importancia de impulsa

Practice patterns and outcomes after stroke across countries at different economic levels (INTERSTROKE):an international observational study

Background: Stroke disproportionately affects people in low-income and middle-income countries. Although improvements in stroke care and outcomes have been reported in high-income countries, little is known about practice and outcomes in low and middle-income countries. We aimed to compare patterns of care available and their association with patient outcomes across countries at different economic levels. Methods: We studied the patterns and effect of practice variations (ie, treatments used and access to services) among participants in the INTERSTROKE study, an international observational study that enrolled 13 447 stroke patients from 142 clinical sites in 32 countries between Jan 11, 2007, and Aug 8, 2015. We supplemented patient data with a questionnaire about health-care and stroke service facilities at all participating hospitals. Using univariate and multivariate regression analyses to account for patient casemix and service clustering, we estimated the association between services available, treatments given, and patient outcomes (death or dependency) at 1 month. Findings: We obtained full information for 12 342 (92%) of 13 447 INTERSTROKE patients, from 108 hospitals in 28 countries; 2576 from 38 hospitals in ten high-income countries and 9766 from 70 hospitals in 18 low and middle-income countries. Patients in low-income and middle-income countries more often had severe strokes, intracerebral haemorrhage, poorer access to services, and used fewer investigations and treatments (p<0·0001) than those in high-income countries, although only differences in patient characteristics explained the poorer clinical outcomes in low and middle-income countries. However across all countries, irrespective of economic level, access to a stroke unit was associated with improved use of investigations and treatments, access to other rehabilitation services, and improved survival without severe dependency (odds ratio [OR] 1·29; 95% CI 1·14–1·44; all p<0·0001), which was independent of patient casemix characteristics and other measures of care. Use of acute antiplatelet treatment was associated with improved survival (1·39; 1·12–1·72) irrespective of other patient and service characteristics. Interpretation: Evidence-based treatments, diagnostics, and stroke units were less commonly available or used in low and middle-income countries. Access to stroke units and appropriate use of antiplatelet treatment were associated with improved recovery. Improved care and facilities in low-income and middle-income countries are essential to improve outcomes

Work–Family Interface and Crossover Effects: Exploring for the Effects of Gender

Despite mixed and sometimes confusing results posed by the role of gender in the work-family (W-F) interface, gender research in WF studies cannot be laid to rest. In this chapter we review W-F spillover and crossover literature involving dual earner couples in different cultural contexts – Anglo/European, Asian and Middle Eastern – to identify gendered patterns in spillover and crossover effects experienced by men (husbands) and women (wives). Gender asymmetry continues to be evident in dyadic couple relationships across cultures, especially when one considers crossover effects

Measurement of the angle between jet axes in Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThis letter presents the first measurement of the angle between different jet axes (denoted as ${\Delta}R$) in Pb$-$Pb collisions. The measurement is carried out in the 0$-$10% most-central events at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV. Jets are assembled by clustering charged particles at midrapidity using the anti-$k_{\rm T}$ algorithm with resolution parameters $R=0.2$ and $0.4$ and transverse momenta in the intervals $40 < p_{\rm T}^{\rm ch jet} < 140$ GeV/$c$ and $80 < p_{\rm T}^{\rm ch jet} < 140$ GeV/$c$, respectively. Measurements at these low transverse momenta enhance the sensitivity to quark$-$gluon plasma (QGP) effects. A comparison to models implementing various mechanisms of jet energy loss in the QGP shows that the observed narrowing of the Pb$-$Pb distribution relative to pp can be explained if quark-initiated jets are more likely to emerge from the medium than gluon-initiated jets. These new measurements discard intra-jet $p_{\rm T}$ broadening as described in a model calculation with the BDMPS formalism as the main mechanism of energy loss in the QGP. The data are sensitive to the angular scale at which the QGP can resolve two independent splittings, favoring mechanisms that incorporate incoherent energy loss

First measurement of the ∣t∣|t|-dependence of incoherent J/ψ\psi photonuclear production

International audienceThe first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/$\psi$ vector meson as a function of the Mandelstam $|t|$ variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, $|y|<0.8$, using ultra-peripheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-$x$ range $(0.3$$-$$1.4)\times 10^{-3}$. Cross sections are reported in five $|t|$ intervals in the range $0.04<|t|<1$~GeV$^2$ and compared to the predictions of different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a $|t|$-dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data

Multiplicity-dependent production of Σ(1385)±\Sigma(1385)^{\pm} and Ξ(1530)0\Xi(1530)^{0} in pp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

International audienceThe production yields of the $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ resonances are measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with ALICE. The measurements are performed as a function of the charged particle multiplicity $\langle \mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta \rangle$, which is related to the energy density produced in the collision. The results include transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions, $p_{\rm T}$-integrated yields, mean transverse momenta of $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$, as well as ratios of the $p_{\rm T}$-integrated resonance yields relative to yields of other hadron species. The $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}/\pi^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}/\pi^{\pm}$ yield ratios are consistent with the trend of the enhancement of strangeness production from low to high multiplicity pp collisions, which was previously observed for strange and multi-strange baryons. The yield ratio between the measured resonances and the long-lived baryons with the same strangeness content exhibits a hint of a mild increasing trend at low multiplicity, despite too large uncertainties to exclude the flat behaviour. The results are compared to predictions from models such as EPOS-LHC and PYTHIA 8 with Rope shoving. The latter provides the best description of the multiplicity dependence of the $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV