Expression and production of cardiac angiogenic mediators depend on the Trypanosoma cruzi-genetic population in experimental C57BL/6 mice infection.

Mammalian cardiac cells are important targets to the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The inflammatory reaction in the host aims at eliminating this parasite, can lead to cell destruction, fibrosis and hypoxia. Local hypoxia iswelldefined stimulus to the production of angiogenesis mediators. Assuming that different genetic T. cruzi populations induce distinct inflammation and disease patterns, the current study aims to investigate whether the production of inflammatory and angiogenic mediators is a parasite strain-dependent condition. C57BL/6 mice were infectedwith the Y and Colombian strains of T. cruzi and euthanized at the 12th and 32nd days, respectively. The blood and heart tissue were processed in immune assays and/or qPCR (TNF, IL-17, IL-10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCR2, CCR5 and angiogenic factors VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2) and in histological assays. The T. cruzi increased the inflammatory and angiogenicmediators in the infectedmicewhen theywere compared to non-infected animals.However, the Colombian strain has led to higher (i) leukocyte infiltration, (ii) cardiac TNF and CCL5 production/expression, (iii) cardiac tissue parasitism, and to higher (iv) ratio between heart/body weights. On the other hand, the Colombian strain has caused lower production and expression VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2, when it was compared to the Y strain of the parasite. The present study highlights that the T. cruzi-genetic population defines the pattern of angiogenic/inflammatory mediators in the heart tissue, and that itmay contribute to themagnitude of the cardiac pathogenesis. Besides, such assumption opens windows to the understanding of the angiogenic mediator's role in association with the experimental T. cruzi infection

Dental and composite resin discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements: two-year in vitro assessment

Few long-term studies assess the discoloration induced by hydraulic calcium silicate-based cement on dental structures. In addition, as far as we know, no long-term study has assessed the discoloration induced by these cement on composite resin. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to assess, during a period of two years, the discoloration potential of different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (hCSCs) on the enamel/dentin structure and composite resin restoration. Methodology: A total of 40 enamel/dentin discs were obtained from bovine incisors, and 40 composite resin discs (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm thick) were fabricated. A 0.8 mm-deep cavity was made in the center of each disc and filled with the following hCSCs (n=10): Original MTA (Angelus); MTA Repair HP (Angelus); NeoMTA Plus (Avalon); and Biodentine (Septodont). An initial color measurement was performed (T0 - baseline). After 7, 15, 30, 45, 90, 300 days, and two years, new color measurements were performed to determine the color (ΔE00), lightness (ΔL’), chroma (ΔC’), hue differences (ΔH’), and whiteness index (WID). Results: For enamel/dentin, the ΔE00 was significant among groups and periods (p<0.05). NeoMTA Plus had the greatest ΔE00. The NeoMTA Plus group had the greatest ΔE00 after two years for composite resin. Significant reduction in lightness was observed for all groups after two years (p<0.05). The most significant WID values were observed after 30 days for Biodentine (enamel/dentin) and MTA Repair HP groups (composite resin) (p<0.05). Conclusions: The hCSCs changed the colorimetric behavior of both substrates, leading to greater darkening over time. The Bi2O3 in the Original MTA seems relevant in the short periods of color change assessment

Análise da implantação do balão intragástrico em hospital terciário em Maceió-AL entre os anos de 2010 e 2020/ Analysis of intragastic balloon implantation in a tertiary hospital in Maceió-AL between 2010 and 2020

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença endêmica, sendo um grave problema de saúde pública. É fator de risco para diversas afecções, aumentando a morbimortalidade da população. Os tratamentos para obesidade devem objetivar bem-estar e saúde, bem como impedir a sua progressão e agravos de outras comorbidades. Dentre as abordagens de tratamento não cirúrgico, há a opção de colocação de um balão intragástrico através de endoscopia digestiva alta, capaz de induzir a perda de peso por promover uma sensação de saciedade precoce. Objetivo: Analisar os casos de implantação do balão intragástrico em hospital terciário em Maceió (AL) entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico transversal, de caráter quantitativo, realizado no Hospital Memorial Arthur Ramos (HMAR) em Maceió-AL. Participaram do estudo todos os pacientes submetidos a implantação do BIG no período de janeiro de 2010 a outubro de 2020, totalizando 108 pacientes. Resultados: Foi analisado que o peso e IMC pós-implantação são estatisticamente menores do que pré-implantação (p < 0,001). A média de perda de peso, com o uso do BIG, foi de 15,1 ± 6,3 kg, e a média do percentual de peso perdido, foram de 16,1 ± 6,6% do peso corporal. Na pré-implantação do BIG, 100 pacientes estavam classificados como “obesos” pelo IMC, e 8 com “excesso de peso”. Após a retirada do dispositivo, observou-se que apenas 44 participantes ainda estavam classificados como “obesos”, e houve uma redução significativa do IMC, de tal forma que 14 participantes entraram na classificação de normalidade, quanto ao IMC. Ademais, 62,0% dos pacientes não tiveram quaisquer intercorrências, ao longo do tempo de uso do BIG. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a implantação do BIG proporciona redução significativa de peso corporal e IMC dos pacientes a ele submetidos. Seu uso surge como uma excelente opção terapêutica, sendo um grande aliado ao tratamento para melhora da qualidade de vida

MULTILINGUISMO DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO: A DINÂMICA DA LIBRAS, LÍNGUA DE SINAIS KAAPOR E LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NO DIALETO MARANHENSE

Santos et al. (2020) in their study observe that the Maranhense dialect is unique throughout the national territory, it has its linguistic vices, but it is still possible to flex verbs and use the pronouns in their correct form. With regard to Libras (Brazilian Sign Language), they describe that there is a diversification of signs in their own elaboration and transfer of emotions in all aspects, this is a characteristic of this State. About the Ka'apor tribe, what is known is that they appeared in the region bathed by the Xingu and Tocantins rivers, 300 years ago. The main objective of this work is to present the multilingualism present in the state of Maranhão, addressing dialects, accents, emergence, variations, among other aspects, and to materialize the linguistics of Maranhão and its importance in enhancing bilingualism and indigenous sign languages ​​within classrooms. class based on public policies for inclusive education, cultural and educational diversity. This work consists of a narrative and descriptive bibliographic investigation, which is carried out by consulting research databases such as the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) and the academic Google. The study brought important reflections on the relevance of the languages ​​present in the state of Maranhão, such as the oral Portuguese language and the signed languages ​​of Libras and the Brazilian Kaapor Sign Language (LSKB), as well as characterizing the multifaceted linguistics present in the state and their relevance in valuing bilingualism and indigenous sign language.Santos et al. (2020) en su estudio señalan que el dialecto Maranhão es único en todo el país, tiene sus vicios lingüísticos, pero los verbos aún pueden ser flexionados y los pronombres en su forma correcta. Con respecto a libras (lengua de señas brasileña), describen que hay una diversificación de signos en su propia elaboración y transferencia de emociones en todos los aspectos, esto es característico de este Estado. Sobre la tribu Kaapor, lo que sí se sabe es que tuvieron su surgimiento en la región bañada por los ríos Xingu y Tocantins, hace 300 años. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar el multilingüismo presente en el estado de Maranhão, abordando dialectos, acentos, emergencias, variaciones, entre otros aspectos y realizando la lingüística de Maranhão y su importancia en la valoración del bilingüismo y las lenguas de signos indígenas dentro de las aulas basadas en las políticas públicas de educación inclusiva, diversidad cultural y educativa. Este trabajo consiste en una investigación bibliográfica narrativa y descriptiva, que se realiza a través de la consulta en bases de datos de investigación como la Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea (SCIELO), el Centro de Información de Recursos Educativos (ERIC) y el académico Google. El estudio trajo importantes reflexiones sobre la relevancia de las lenguas presentes en el estado de Maranhão, como la lengua oral portuguesa y las lenguas de señas de Libras y la Lengua de Señas Ka'apor Brasileira (LSKB), así como caracterizó los multifacéticos lingüísticos presentes.Santos e colaboradores (2020) em seu estudo observam que o dialeto maranhense é único em todo território nacional, possui seus vícios linguísticos, porém ainda se consegue flexionar verbos e empregar os pronomes em sua forma correta. No que se refere a Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais), descrevem que acontece uma diversificação de sinais na sua elaboração própria e repasse de emoções em todos os aspectos, isso é característica própria deste Estado. Acerca da tribo Kaapor, o que se sabe é que tiveram seu surgimento na região banhada pelos rios Xingu e Tocantins, há 300 anos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar o multilinguismo presente no estado do Maranhão, abordando dialetos, sotaques, surgimento, variações, entre outros aspectos e concretizar a linguística do Maranhão e sua importância em valorizar o bilinguismo e as línguas de sinais indígenas dentro de salas de aula tendo como base as políticas públicas da educação inclusiva, diversidade cultural e educacional. Este trabalho consiste em uma investigação bibliográfica narrativa e descritiva, sendo esta realizada através de consulta em bases de dados de pesquisa como a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), o Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) e o Google acadêmico. O estudo trouxe reflexões importantes sobre a relevância das línguas presentes no estado do Maranhão como a Língua Portuguesa oral e as línguas sinalizadas de Libras e a Língua de Sinais Ka’apor Brasileira (LSKB), bem como também caracterizou as multifacetas linguísticas presentes no Estado e sua relevância em valorizar o bilinguismo e a língua de sinais indígena.Santos e colaboradores (2020) em seu estudo observam que o dialeto maranhense é único em todo território nacional, possui seus vícios linguísticos, porém ainda se consegue flexionar verbos e empregar os pronomes em sua forma correta. No que se refere a Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais), descrevem que acontece uma diversificação de sinais na sua elaboração própria e repasse de emoções em todos os aspectos, isso é característica própria deste Estado. Acerca da tribo Kaapor, o que se sabe é que tiveram seu surgimento na região banhada pelos rios Xingu e Tocantins, há 300 anos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar o multilinguismo presente no estado do Maranhão, abordando dialetos, sotaques, surgimento, variações, entre outros aspectos e concretizar a linguística do Maranhão e sua importância em valorizar o bilinguismo e as línguas de sinais indígenas dentro de salas de aula tendo como base as políticas públicas da educação inclusiva, diversidade cultural e educacional. Este trabalho consiste em uma investigação bibliográfica narrativa e descritiva, sendo esta realizada através de consulta em bases de dados de pesquisa como a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), o Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) e o Google acadêmico. O estudo trouxe reflexões importantes sobre a relevância das línguas presentes no estado do Maranhão como a Língua Portuguesa oral e as línguas sinalizadas de Libras e a Língua de Sinais Ka’apor Brasileira (LSKB), bem como também caracterizou as multifacetas linguísticas presentes no Estado e sua relevância em valorizar o bilinguismo e a língua de sinais indígena

Questão agrária e políticas públicas em Minas Gerais : conflitos sociais e alternativas populares

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Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups