Oficina saúde da mulher, um olhar sobre os direitos e recursos ofertados pelo sistema único de saúde (sus) na perspectiva do empoderamento feminino: um relato de experiência / Women's health workshop, a look at the rights and resources offered by the unique health system (sus) from the perspective of female empowerment: an experience report

Objetivo: Descrever as experiências de acadêmicas do curso de enfermagem no desenvolvimento de uma oficina realizada na XIV Semana Acadêmica da Universidade do Estado do Pará no ano de 2019, referente aos serviços de saúde ofertados para a saúde da mulher e a importância da sua conquista mediante as lutas e movimentos gerados através do empoderamento feminino.  Método: trata-se de um trabalho do tipo relato de experiência com caráter descritivo e qualitativo sobre a oficina intitulada “Oficina saúde da mulher, um olhar sobre os direitos e recursos ofertados pelo sistema único de saúde (SUS) na perspectiva do empoderamento feminino” na realização da XIV Semana Acadêmica da Universidade do Estado do Pará. Resultados: com relação aos serviços de saúde que hoje são ofertados especificamente para atender a mulher, vimos que a maioria se limitava ou entendia apenas sobre os exames de rotina, como o PCCU e os ofertados durante o período gestacional, demonstrando que existe uma deficiência acerca de informações mais abrangentes relacionadas aos serviços que podem ser ofertados na rede de atenção integral a saúde da mulher. O propósito das dinâmicas e a preparação do ambiente foram aliados essenciais na quebra de barreiras entre as acadêmicas, participantes e no desenvolvimento da oficina, pois, favoreceu na participação de todas que estavam presentes, além da troca de saberes entre as mesmas. Conclusão: A saúde da mulher ainda precisa ser amplamente abordada e questionada no sentido de aprimoramento do sistema e uma melhora na compreensão de todos os aspectos que envolvem as suas particularidades

Chemical and molecular characterization of fifteen species from the Lantana (Verbenaceae) genus

The essential oil from two Lantana species (Lantana lucida Schauer and Lantana salzmannii Schauer) were evaluated for their chemical composition by GC-MS. Results showed 17 predominant compounds for L. lucida, among which β-caryophyllene (19.0%) and α- caryophyllene (or humuleno, 33.0%) were the major components. L. salzmannii showed the presence of 58 compounds, the most abundant of which were β-caryophyllene (15.6%) and selin-11-en-4-ol (11.2%). Next, cluster analyses of the chemical composition of the volatile fraction of five Lantana species from our studies (L. radula, L. canescens, L. lucida, L. salzmannii and L. camara), as well as 10 Lantana species published in the literature (L. achyranthifolia, L. aculeata, L. balansae, L. hirta, L. involucrata, L. fucata, L. salviifolia, L. trifolia, L. velutina and L. xenica) were performed. Species fell into three main groups. A cluster analysis of β-caryophyllene content was also performed which resulted in the 15 Lantana species being segregated into four main groups. In addition, Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) was used to evaluate the genetic variation between five Lantana species collected from northeastern Brazil (L. radula, L. canescens, L. lucida, L. salzmannii and L. camara). Analysis showed a 36% similarity between L. salzmanii and L. canescens, and a 48% similarity between L. lucida and L. canescens. Overall, results indicate that it is possible to discriminate between groups of Lantana taxa based on both their chemical composition and ISSR markers. In addition, this study provided further support for using β-caryophyllene as a chemical marker for species belonging to the Lantana genus.Keywords: β-caryophyllene, Lantana, ISSR, Lantana salzmannii, Lantana lucida, Taxonom

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

EXPERIÊNCIAS SOCIOCULTURAIS E A EDUCAÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS EXTRATIVISTAS DA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE

ResumoEste artigo tem como foco as infâncias em contexto extrativista da RESEX Marinha, Tracuateua, Pará. O objetivo é analisar as experiências socioculturais e a educação de crianças de uma turma de educação infantil da Amazônia paraense na relação com a terra e os rios e na vinculação ao currículo de uma escola do campo. Para tal, adotamos a perspectiva sócio-histórica a partir de rodas de diálogos e de produção de desenhos como caminho metodológico para a escuta sensível das crianças. Os resultados nos permitiram refletir que as experiências da infância extrativista são singulares por se articularem com o ambiente social e natural. Os rios e a terra se configuram como cenário de vida e de existência. Neles, as crianças partilham experiências de cuidado, lazer, aprendizado, razão da manutenção e da circulação de saberes. Palavras-chave: Infâncias; Crianças; Experiências socioculturais; Currículo; Amazônia Paraense.

SOCIOLOGIA DA INFÂNCIA E PEDAGOGIA FREIREANA: : algumas aproximações

Com este estudo, objetiva-se apresentar algumas aproximações entre a Sociologia da Infância e a pedagogia freiriana, além de destacá-las e apontá-las como aportes teóricos de uma educação como sinônimo de liberdade e de autonomia. A Sociologia da Infância e a pedagogia freiriana apresentam convergências teóricas e epistemológicas ao abordar questões como diálogo, escuta, curiosidade, autonomia e liberdade. Ambas coadunam com uma educação pensada a partir de seus sujeitos, de suas experiências, de suas vozes, saberes e fazeres. Na intenção de trazer aspectos semelhantes dessas duas correntes, indica-se a pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de Qvortrup (2010), Corsaro (2011), Sarmento (2015) e Freire (1982, 2003). Conclui-se que a Sociologia da Infância se torna, tal como a Pedagogia de Freire, um agir em busca de autonomia, pois entende que o ser humano se forma desde a infância. Essa formação é vista como processo, daí a provocação para que esta não seja vista apenas como uma fase passageira, mas como uma categoria potencialmente capaz de formar sujeitos felizes, desde que estimulados pelo afeto e pela amorosidade, como a infância vivida por Freire em Recife.

EXPERIÊNCIAS EM PRODUÇÕES AUDIOVISUAIS E EDUCAÇÃO

Artigo coletivo realizado para a disciplina de "Mí­dias audiovisuais, recepção, expressão e educação" , do Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado Profissional em Artes, da Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Campus de Curitiba II, no ano de 2019. No referido texto, os autores fazem um levantamento de sete práticas que se relacionam com conceitos de Cinema e Educação. O texto analisa experiências realizadas na cidade de Curitiba, no estado do Paraná, no Brasil e em paí­ses da América Latina