A five-year systematic review and meta-analysis study on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains in Iran

Background and Objectives: One of the most prevalent drug-resistant bacteria is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epi-dermidis (MRSE) causing healthcare infections. Previously, a meta-analysis study on the frequency of MRSE was conducted from Mar 2006 to Jan 2016 in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in this prevalence in the last 5 years in different cities in Iran.Materials and Methods: Published articles on the frequency of MRSE were collected from the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Iranian databases from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2020. Of the 503 records identified, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, and their extracted data were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 2.0 (Biostat).Results: The analysis showed that the frequency of MRSE has decreased significantly in the last five years and reached 60.8 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 54.2-66.9 among culture-positive cases of S. epidermidis in Iran.Conclusion: The noticeable reduction in the prevalence of MRSE in Iran could be due to the improvement of infection con-trol programs and interruption of the pathogen transmission cycle. Another influential reason is the significant reduction in methicillin prescriptions by physicians for infections caused by staphylococci

Association of the ACE2-Angiotensin1-7-Mas axis with lung damage caused by cigarette smoke exposure: a systematic review

Through the Mas receptor, angiotensin-(1-7) Ang-(1-7) has been shown to have a key role in the development of lung inflammation. This systematic review (SR) sought to identify the relationship between lung damage brought on by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway. In this investigation, relevant keywords were used to search PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus (Elsevier), and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science up to December 2022. Nine studies were chosen because they satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The majority of research concluded that exposure to CS increased the risk of lung damage. Smoking cigarettes is the main cause of COPD because it causes massive amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to enter the lungs, which stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, as well as the invasion of inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages. These findings support the renin-angiotensin system's (RAS) involvement in the pathophysiology of smoking-induced damage. Additionally, via stimulating pro-inflammatory mediators, aberrant RAS activity has been linked to lung damage. Lung inflammation's etiology has been shown to be significantly influenced by the protective known RAS arm ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas. In conclusion, these are important for informing policymakers to pass legislation limiting the use of smoking and other tobacco to prevent their harmful effects

Correction: Relationship between Personality Disorders in Parents and Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Ilam, Iran (J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci (2023), 33, 220)

In the article published in volume 33, issue 220, 2023, the third author’s surname was incorrect. It should have been Yousef Veisani, also his affiliation was incorrect, which both are now corrected. © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Epidemiological aspect of retinoblastoma in the world: a review of recent advance studies

? AIM: To collect and present updated evidence about epidemiological aspects of retinoblastoma (Rb) in the world.? METHODS: A comprehensive search without the time and language restrictions was conducted in international databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The search keywords were "retinoblastoma" OR "retinal Neuroblastoma" OR "retinal glioma" OR "retinoblastoma eye cancer" OR "retinal glioblastoma".? RESULTS: The worldwide incidence of Rb is 1 in 16 000-28 000 live births, but was higher in developing compared to developed countries. Several attempts for improving early detection and treatment had increased the Rb survival rate from 5 to 90 in developed countries over the past decade, but its survival was lower in developing countries (about 40 in low-income countries) and the majority of mortalities occurred in developing countries. The etiology of Rb could be viewed as genetics in the heritable form and environmental and lifestyle factors in the sporadic form. Some environmental risk factors such as in vitro fertilization; insect sprays; father's occupational exposure to oil mists in metal working, and poor living conditions might play a role in the occurrence of the disease. Although ethnicity might affect Rb incidence, sex has no documented effect and the best treatment approaches were now ophthalmic artery chemosurgery and intravitreal chemotherapy.? CONCLUSION: Determining the role of genetics and environmental factors helps to accurately predict the prognosis and identify the mechanism of the disease, which can reduce the risk of tumor development

No sign of Rotavirus co-infection in COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms

Background and aims The main goal of the present study is to investigate the incidence of Rotavirus co-infection in COVID-19 patients. Methods and Results Fecal samples of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms which had positive PCR-were collected from Abadan's hospital, Iran during the period December 2020 to January 2021. Samples were analyzed by RT-PCR to determine the presence of Rotavirus. Finally, the total samples size of 37 were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 48.22 years. Abdominal pain alone was detected in 48.65 of the patients. At least one gastrointestinal symptom was detected in all of the patients. Diarrhea and fever were seen in 13.51 and 59.46 of patients, respectively. Nausea and vomiting were seen in 5.41 of the patients. RT-PCR showed no infection of Rotavirus among the patients. Conclusion Gastrointestinal symptoms related to COVID-19 are common. More studies is need among these patients groups for investigate co-infection with other fecal viral shedding carries, due to a worse prognosis and its association with disease severity

Comparative efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) with molnupiravir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To end this, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to collect relevant evidence up to February 15, 2023. The risk of bias was evaluated using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Eighteen studies involving 57 659 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in terms of all-cause mortality rate (odds ratio OR = 0.54, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.44-0.67), all-cause hospitalization rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54-0.69), death or hospitalization rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38-0.99), and negative polymerase chain reaction conversion time (mean difference = -1.55, 95% CI: -1.74 to -1.37). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of COVID-19 rebound (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.71-1.07). In terms of safety, although the incidence of any adverse events was higher in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir group (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.57-4.06), no significant difference was observed between the two treatments in terms of adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.69-2.00). The present meta-analysis demonstrated the significant superiority of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir over molnupiravir in improving clinical efficacy in COVID-19 patients during the prevalence of Omicron variant. These findings, however, need to be further confirmed

Investigating the Prevalence of Delirium as a Psychiatry Disorder in Patients Undergoing Hip Joint Surgery

Background: Delirium is a severe organic disorder in the brain and a type of disorder in the cognitive state associated with reduced attention and cognition. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of delirium in patients undergoing hip joint surgery.Methods: In cross sectional study, the patient's demographic profile form and a checklist of intervening factors designed which were used to measure the prevalence of delirium. The researcher checked the delirium status of the patients on the day before the surgery, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery, and at the time of discharge. Ethical criteria in the research included obtaining informed consent of patients, keeping patients confidential, notifying the delirium status patients to the attending physician for further actions, and not imposing costs on patients. The data were analyzed using Spss software version 16 and descriptive and analytical tests.Results: Result showed, the overall prevalence of delirium in patients was equal to 58 (46.4), and 92 (73.6) of patients without a spouse, 112 (89.6) of patients with poor economic status, 63 (50.4) of smoking patients, 14 (11.2) with a history of drug use, 54 (43.2) with a history of hospitalization in the ICU. Also, the mean (SD) age of the patients was 75.44 (8.43).Conclusions: According to the findings, the prevalence of delirium in patients with hip joint surgery was high, that is why it is necessary to carry out preventive interventions to reduce delirium in these patients. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 24 (1) January, 2023; 1-6

Experiences and challenges of nursing education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Iran

BACKGROUND: The preparedness of nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic, will be of great importance when it comes to the unknown future of the pandemic and other similar ones. Identifying their problems can lead to better planning, preparation, and management. This study aims to explore Iranian nurses' experience of their preparedness challenges to give an effective response to the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative content analysis approach using semi-structured interviews was employed to explore nurses' preparedness experiences. 28 nurses were interviewed, after transcription of the interviews, a content analysis using constant comparison was performed for data analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman approach. RESULTS: The results of the study can be summarized in 6 main categories and 14 subcategories, such as the necessity of continuing educational workshops, the necessity of holding exercises in the same environment, the importance of familiarity with the pandemic, the importance of educating all those involved in providing services in the pandemic, the need for providing immersive education for the pandemic and the need for planning and practice concerning the pandemic. CONCLUSION: When nurses receive more support, they can have their best performance. up-to-date training can prepare nurses more effectively, which will, in turn, make prepared nurses available, maximize their efficiency, and minimize their adverse mental consequences. Nurse managers may support nurses and increase hospital resilience in such emergencies. Nurses indicated some issues including managers' support, workplace culture, education, physical space, access to PPE, and willingness to provide the best care. These findings can be helpful in the management of the pandemic and preparing nurses as a large group of healthcare workers. Necessary training, along with the provision of adequate resources, should be programmed to support this effective group of health providers

Nurses' bereavement experiences of a deceased colleague due to COVID-19: A phenomenological study

Aim: Healthcare workers have little time to mourn due to the intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although grief is a normal part of life and death, the circumstances surrounding the death can affect the grieving process. So far, the nurses' experience in mourn for a deceased colleague in the COVID-19 pandemic has not been determined. Identifying these experiences can provide opportunities to formulate appropriate strategies to functionally adapt to death and promote mental health and well-being during this crisis. This study aimed to understand the nurses' experiences in mourning for a deceased colleague due to COVID-19.Design: This was an interpretive phenomenological study.Method: Participants included 10 nurses with the bereavement experience following the death of a colleague due to COVID-19, who were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and analysed using Diekelmann et al.'s (1989) approach.Results: The nurses' bereavement experiences were in the form of eight themes: disbelief and amazement, acceptance with grief, lasting sadness, unsung laments, bringing back memories, impulse to leave the service, a professional myth and holy death. For nurses, mourning for the death of a colleague due to COVID-19 is like a lasting sadness that begins with disbelief and amazement and changes to acceptance with sadness. From the fellow nurses' point of view, this type of death was perceived as a holy death, which along with countless unsung laments and memories brought to us the association of a professional legend, and that such a fate would be inevitable for us as well, it was a push to leave the service.Public Contribution: Crisis managers and policymakers need to add protocols and training programs for resilience skills and healthy mourning

The relation between dietary quality and healthy eating index with bone mineral density in osteoporosis: a case-control study

BackgroundIn this study, we aimed to illustrate the association between the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Quality Index (DQI) with bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal Iranian women with osteoporosis compared to the healthy control.MethodsIn the current case-control study, 131 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 131 healthy postmenopausal women participated. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck BMD. The subjects completed a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and then HEI and DQI were calculated based on the FFQ data. Crude and adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relation between HEI and DQI with the odds of the femoral and lumbar BMD.ResultsAccording to the results, participants in the last tertile of HEI were more likely to have higher femoral and lumbar BMD in the crude model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.38; 95 confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.71 and OR = 0.20; 95 CI: 0.10-0.40, respectively) and also in the adjusted model (OR = 0.40; 95 CI: 0.20-0.78 and OR = 0.20; 95 CI: 0.10-0.41, respectively). Also, in terms of DQI-I, participants in the last tertile were more likely to have higher femoral and lumbar BMD in the crude model (OR = 0.23; 95 CI: 0.12-0.45 and OR = 0.29; 95 CI: 0.15-0.55, respectively) and also in the adjusted model (OR = 0.29; 95 CI: 0.14-0.58 and OR = 0.34; 95 CI: 0.17-0.67, respectively).ConclusionsThe results of the current study supported the hypothesis that high-quality diets with healthy patterns can be clinically effective in maintaining bone health. Thus, recommendations regarding the consumption of nutrient-rich food groups in a healthy diet can serve as a practical non-pharmacological strategy against osteoporosis