Mortalidade infantil segundo características da mãe e gestação na cidade de Santa Maria,RS

Objective: To examine infant mortality according to characteristics of the mother, pregnancy and birth weight in the city of Santa Maria, RS. Methods: A descriptive quantitative research. Information was collected on the website of the Ministry of Health, the database of the Department of the Unified Health System-DATASUS in the period 2000 to 2008. Results: it showed a higher prevalence of mortality in children with birth weights between 500 and 999g, and the mothers had education below the seven years between the ages of 15 and 24. In relation to pregnancy, the period in which the greatest number of deaths was between 32 and 41 weeks, the incidence of cesarean section. Conclusion: Further studies were recommended relating the findings with other risk factors, such as consultation and whether or not prenatal, maternal nutrition, number of pregnancies, in order to determine a reliable diagnosis of infant mortality in the municipalityObjetivo: Analizar la mortalidad infantile de acuerdo con las características de la madre, el embarazo y el peso al nacer en la ciudad de Santa Maria, RS. Métodos: pesquisa cuantitava y descriptiva. Las informaciones fueron recogidas en el sitio del Ministeria de Salud, en el banco de datos del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud/DATASUS en el período entre 2000 hasta 2008. Resultados: se observó una prevalencia más alta de mortalidad en niños con peso al nacer entre 500 y 999g, y las madres tenían educación inferior a los siete años entre las edades de 15 y 24 años. En relación con el embarazo, el período en que el mayor número de muertes fue entre 32 y 41 semana en la incidencia del parto por cesárea. Consideraciones finales: se recomienda más estudios sobre los resultados con otros factores de riesgo, como realización o no de consultas prenatales, la nutrición materna, el número de embarazos, con el fin de determinar un diagnóstico fiable de la mortalidad infantil en el municipio.Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade infantil segundo características da mãe, gestação e peso ao nascer na cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Métodos: pesquisa quantitativa descritiva. As informações foram coletadas no site do Ministério da Saúde, no banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde-DATASUS, no período entre 2000 a 2008. Resultados: apontaram maior prevalência de mortalidade infantil em crianças com peso ao nascer, entre 500 e 999g, sendo que as mães possuíam escolaridade abaixo dos sete anos e com idade entre 15 e 24 anos. Em relação à gestação, o período em que ocorreu o maior número de óbitos foi entre 32 e 41 semanas, na ocorrência de parto cesáreo. Considerações finais: recomendam-se novos estudos relacionando os achados com outros fatores de risco, como realização ou não de consultas pré-natal, alimentação materna, número de gestações, para assim determinar um diagnóstico fidedigno da mortalidade infantil do município

INCENTIVO AO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EM UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DE SANTA MARIA-RS

O ato de amamentar até os seis meses de vida é um método eficiente de atender não só os aspectos nutricionais, imunológicos, psicológicos ou o desenvolvimento do bebê, mas é igualmente benéfico para as mães, pois estimula o vínculo mãe-filho.Otrabalho objetivou incentivar o aleitamento materno nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) da Região Oeste de Santa Maria-RS, com encontros semanais em grupos de gestantes, seguindo as instruções recomendadas pela Iniciativa Unidade BásicaAmiga da Amamentação (IUBAAM), tendo como fundamento a promoção, proteção e apoio ao aleitamento materno. Os professores e acadêmicos da área das Ciências da Saúde dos Cursos de Enfermagem, Terapia Ocupacional, Nutrição e Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA), desenvolveram um projeto em parceria com os profissionais integrantes da Secretaria de Saúde do Município com a finalidade de diminuir o desmame precoce e tornar o aleitamento materno uma prática contínua.The act of breastfeeding until six months old, is an efficient method not only to meet nutritionist, immunologist, psychological aspects or babies’ development, but also it is equally beneficial to mothers, strengthening mother/child’s bond. The study aimed to stimulate breastfeeding in Primary Care Health Units in the western region of Santa Maria-RS/Brazil, through weekly meetings with groups of pregnant women, following the instructions recommended by the Breastfeeding- Friendly Primary Care Unit Initiative, founded on breastfeeding promotion, protection and support. Professors and academics of the Health Area, that is, from Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Nutrition and Physical Therapy from Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA), had developed a project, in partnership with professionals from the Municipal Health Secretary, objectifying to decrease early weaning and make breastfeeding an ongoing practiceEl hecho de amamantar hasta los seis meses de vida es un método eficiente no sólo para llevar cuidado del nutricionista, de los inmunologistas, de los aspectos psicologicos o del desarrollo del bebé, pero es igualmente beneficioso para las madres. El trabajo tuvo el objetivo de estimular el amamantamiento en las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) de la región al oeste de Santa Maria – RS, con encuentros semanales en grupos de gestante según las instrucciones de la Iniciativa Unidad Básica Amiga del Amamantamiento (IUBAAM), que tiene como fundamento la promoción, proteción y apoyo al amamantamiento materno. Los profesores y académicos del área de las Ciencias de la Salud de los Cursos de Enfermería, Terapia Ocupacional, Nutrición y Fisioterapia del Centro Universitario Franciscano (UNIFRA) desarrollaron un proyecto en sociedad con los profesionales de la Secretaría de Salud del Municipio con la finalidad de disminuir el destete precoce y volver el amamantamiento materno una práctica continua

Ação educativa interdisciplinar para pacientes com diabetes na atenção básica: uma revisão bibliográfica

Rationale and Objectives: Currently Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is confi gured as a major public health problems in Brazil, making it one of the most common chronic disorders in the world. Thus, this study focused strategies made by health professionals in primary care, education of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care in order to contribute to the promotion of health. Methods: This is a literature on the application of scientifi c strategies, which aims to gather and synthesize publications and conduct a critical assessment of them. Data collection was conducted between March and May 2012, the following electronic databases: CAPES (Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil), Scientifi c Electronic Library Online - SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar andSBD (Brazilian Society Diabetes), where 14 articles were selected. Results: The present study showed advances knowledge regarding diabetes and changes in educational strategies used that aimed to understand their effects on disease control and management of self-care. Also, lets discuss the possible limits and options for improving the process of health education, interdisciplinary care related to diabetes. Conclusion: The educational practice presents itself as the best way to educate people with diabetes about the importance of improving dietary habits and their own care. It is a time when individuals and health professionals discussing all the information about the disease and treatment. KEYWORDS: Health education. Strategies. Diabetes Mellitus Type2.Justifi cativa e Objetivos: Atualmente Diabetes Mellitus (DM) se confi gura como um dos principais problemas de Saúde Pública no Brasil, sendo assim um dos transtornos crônicos mais frequentes do mundo. Desta maneira, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer estratégias efetuadas pelos profi ssionais da atenção primária em saúde (APS), voltadas à educação do portador de DM tipo 2 na APS de maneira a contribuir para a promoção da saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfi ca sobre aplicação de estratégias científi cas, tendo por fi nalidade reunir e sintetizar publicações e realizar uma avaliação crítica das mesmas. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre março e maio de 2012, nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicos: Periódicos CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil), Scientifi c Electronic Library Online - SCIELO, LILACS, Google Acadêmico e SBD (Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes), onde foram selecionados 14 artigos. Resultados: O presente estudo mostrou avanços de conhecimentos referentes ao diabetes e modifi cações nas estratégias educativas utilizadas que visaram conhecer seus efeitos no controle da doença e no gerenciamento do auto-cuidado. Além disso, permite discutir os possíveis limites e opções de aperfeiçoamento do processo de educação em saúde, associado aos cuidados interdisciplinares para diabetes. Conclusão: A prática educativa apresenta-se como a melhor maneira de conscientizar a pessoa com diabetes sobre a importância da melhora dos hábitos alimentares e do seu próprio cuidado. É um momento no qual indivíduo e profi ssionais de saúde discutem todas as informações acerca da doença e do tratamento

ARIA digital anamorphosis : Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.Peer reviewe

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018) : Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed