Modulation of innate immune-related genes and glucocorticoid synthesis in gnotobiotic full-sibling European sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) larvae challenged with <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i>

Although several efforts have been made to describe the immunoendocrine interaction in fish, there are no studies to date focusing on the characterization of the immune response and glucocorticoid synthesis using the host–pathogen interaction on larval stage as an early developmental stage model of study. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the glucocorticoid synthesis and the modulation of stress- and innate immune-related genes in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. For this purpose, we challenged by bath full-sibling gnotobiotic sea bass larvae with 107 CFU mL−1 of V. anguillarum strain HI 610 on day 5 post-hatching (dph). The mortality was monitored up to the end of the experiment [120 hours post-challenge (hpc)]. While no variations were registered in non-challenged larvae maintained under gnotobiotic conditions (93.20% survival at 120 hpc), in the challenged group a constant and sustained mortality was observed from 36 hpc onward, dropping to 18.31% survival at 120 hpc. Glucocorticoid quantification and expression analysis of stress- and innate immunity-related genes were carried out in single larvae. The increase of cortisol, cortisone and 20β-dihydrocortisone was observed at 120 hpc, although did not influence upon the modulation of stress-related genes (glucocorticoid receptor 1 [gr1], gr2, and heat shock protein 70 [hsp70]). On the other hand, the expression of lysozyme, transferrin, and il-10 differentially increased at 120 hpc together with a marked upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1β and il-8) and hepcidin, suggesting a late activation of defense mechanisms against V. anguillarum. Importantly, this response coincided with the lowest survival observed in challenged groups. Therefore, the increase in markers associated with glucocorticoid synthesis together with the upregulation of genes associated with the anti-inflammatory response suggests that in larvae infected with V. anguillarum a pro-inflammatory response at systemic level takes place, which then leads to the participation of other physiological mechanisms at systemic level to counteract the effect and the consequences of such response. However, this late systemic response could be related to the previous high mortality observed in sea bass larvae challenged with V. anguillarum

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Electron Landé G∥ Factor In Semiconductor Quantum Wires

The properties of the conduction-electron g∥ factor in semiconductor GaAs-Ga1 - x Alx As quantum-well wires under magnetic fields applied along the wire axis are presented. The electron g∥ factor is obtained as a function of both the applied magnetic field and transversal area of the wire. Calculations are performed by taking into account the non-parabolicity and anisotropy of the conduction band via the Ogg-McCombe Hamiltonian for both cylindrical and rectangular quantum-well wires. The conduction-electron Landé factor is shown to be a growing function of the applied magnetic field as well as dependent on the shape of the transversal section of the wire. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.391112721273Weisbuch, C., Hermann, C., (1977) Phys. Rev. B, 15, p. 816Oestreich, M., Rühle, W.W., (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, p. 2315Oestreich, M., Hallstein, S., Heberle, A.P., Eberl, K., Bauser, E., Rühle, W.W., (1996) Phys. Rev. B, 53, p. 7911Hannak, R.M., Oestreich, M., Heberle, A.P., Rühle, W.W., Kohler, K., (1995) Solid State Commun., 93, p. 313Le Jeune, P., Robart, D., Marie, X., Amand, T., Brosseau, M., Barrau, J., Kalevich, V., Rodichev, D., (1997) Sem. Sci. Technol., 12, p. 380Malinowski, A., Harley, R.T., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 2051de Dios-Leyva, M., Reyes-Gómez, E., Perdomo-Leiva, C.A., Oliveira, L.E., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 73, p. 085316de Dios-Leyva, M., Porras-Montenegro, N., Brandi, H.S., Oliveira, L.E., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 104303Ogg, N.R., (1966) Proc. Phys. Soc., 89, p. 431McCombe, B.O., (1969) Phys. Rev., 181, p. 120

Non-parabolicity And Anisotropy Effects On The Conduction-electron Effective G Factor In Gaas - Ga1 - X Alx As Quantum Well Wires

The effective electron Landé factor in GaAs - Ga1 - x Alx As rectangular quantum well wires, under magnetic fields applied along the wire axis, is studied by taking into account the non-parabolicity and anisotropy of the conduction band within the Ogg-McCombe effective Hamiltonian. Confinement effects on the electron wavefunctions are explored in order to evaluate its influence on the behavior of the effective Landé factor. Calculations for the electron g∥ factor in GaAs - Ga1 - x Alx As rectangular quantum well wires are compared with the previous theoretical results obtained for GaAs - Ga1 - x Alx As cylindrical quantum well wires. Such comparison clearly indicates the influence of the wire shape on the electron Landé factor in GaAs - Ga1 - x Alx As quantum well wires. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.412240244Das Sarma, S., (2001) Amer. Sci., 89, p. 516Žutić, I., Fabian, J., Das Sarma, S., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 1558Žutić, I., Fabian, J., Das Sarma, S., (2004) Rev. Modern Phys., 76, p. 323Fabian, J., Žutić, I., Das Sarma, S., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 85Fabian, J., Matos-Abiague, A., Ertler, C., Stano, P., Žutić, I., (2007) Acta Phys. Slovaca, 57, p. 565Žutić, I., Fabian, J., (2007) Nature, 447, p. 269Oestreich, M., Rühle, W.W., (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, p. 2315Hannak, R.M., Oestreich, M., Heberle, A.P., Ruhle, W.W., Kohler, K., (1995) Solid State Commun., 93, p. 313Le Jeune, P., Robart, D., Marie, X., Amand, T., Brosseau, M., Barrau, J., Kalevich, V., Rodichev, D., (1997) Semicond. Sci. Technol., 12, p. 380Malinowski, A., Harley, R.T., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 2051Mayer Alegre, T.P., Hernández, F.G.G., Pereira, A.L.C., Medeiros-Ribeiro, G., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, p. 236402Kiselev, A.A., Ivchenko, E.L., Rössler, U., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 16353Pfeffer, P., Zawadzki, W., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 233303de Dios-Leyva, M., Porras-Montenegro, N., Brandi, H.S., Oliveira, L.E., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 104303de Dios-Leyva, M., Reyes-Gómez, E., Perdomo-Leiva, C.A., Oliveira, L.E., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 73, p. 085316Reyes-Gómez, E., Perdomo-Leiva, C.A., de Dios-Leyva, M., Oliveira, L.E., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 033314Yugova, I.A., Greilich, A., Yakovlev, D.R., Kiselev, A.A., Bayer, M., Petrov, V.V., Dolgikh, Yu.K., Wieck, A.D., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 245302Li, Y., Qian, F., Xiang, J., Lieber, C.M., (2006) Mater. Today, 9, p. 18López, F.E., Rodríguez, B.A., Reyes-Gómez, E., Oliveira, L.E., (2008) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 20, p. 175204Ogg, N.R., (1966) Proc. Phys. Soc., 89, p. 431McCombe, B.O., (1969) Phys. Rev., 181, p. 1206Golubev, V.G., Ivanov-Omskiǐ, V.I., Minervin, I.G., Osutin, A.V., Polyakov, D.G., (1985) Sov. Phys. JETP, 61, p. 121

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at 1as=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|\u3b7|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |\u3b7|<0.8 is \u3008pT\u3009INEL=0.483\ub10.001 (stat.)\ub10.007 (syst.) GeV/c and \u3008pT\u3009NSD=0.489\ub10.001 (stat.)\ub10.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger \u3008pT\u3009 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET. \ua9 2010