The limits of French intervention in Africa: a study in applied neo-colonialism

African Studies Center Working Paper No. 54INTRODUCTION: The scope of this paper is both wider and narrower than might be suggested by its title. It does not propose to offer a full analysis of French neocolonialism, but neither will it be limited to a mere inventory of overt French military actions of the type recently performed in Chad, Shaba or the Central African Republic. Part of the ambiguity that the title of the paper may occasion lies in the use of the term "intervention," which will be used to designate a wide-ranging sequence of policy actions leading, whether deliberately or not, to the crystallization of France's current posture in Africa.* In its broadest sense, "intervention" can, and probably should, include every form of concerted action (whether direct or indirect, overt or covert) by one international actor on another for the purpose of altering, in a manner favorable to the intervenor, the normal processes of operation in the targeted society. In this perspective, it would be legitimate to claim that intervention, or intrusion, by France or by other external powers in the affairs of Africa begins almost from the moment when they first established contact with African societies. The setting up of the slave trade itself was not intrinsically perceived as interventionist, inasmuch as slaves were at that time regarded by both sides as a legitimate trade commodity, but the supply of firearms to native intermediaries who were expected to use their newlyacquired technological superiority to pillage the hinterland in the forcible procurement of slaves, or the exploitation of rivalries between indigenous trading states were all forms of "intervention." Similarly, the imposition of direct colonial rule and the attendant (and forcible) introduction of new modes of production in African societies were clearly interventionist, as was the later development of a colonial apparatus, with its mobilizational and surplus-extracting effects.[TRUNCATED

Determination of hydrogen abundance in selected lunar soils

Hydrogen was implanted in lunar soil through solar wind activity. In order to determine the feasibility of utilizing this solar wind hydrogen, it is necessary to know not only hydrogen abundances in bulk soils from a variety of locations but also the distribution of hydrogen within a given soil. Hydrogen distribution in bulk soils, grain size separates, mineral types, and core samples was investigated. Hydrogen was found in all samples studied. The amount varied considerably, depending on soil maturity, mineral types present, grain size distribution, and depth. Hydrogen implantation is definitely a surface phenomenon. However, as constructional particles are formed, previously exposed surfaces become embedded within particles, causing an enrichment of hydrogen in these species. In view of possibly extracting the hydrogen for use on the lunar surface, it is encouraging to know that hydrogen is present to a considerable depth and not only in the upper few millimeters. Based on these preliminary studies, extraction of solar wind hydrogen from lunar soil appears feasible, particulary if some kind of grain size separation is possible

Transparency of reporting in molecular diagnostics

The major advances made over the past few years in molecular and cell biology are providing a progressively more detailed understanding of the molecular pathways that control normal processes and become dysregulated in disease. This has resulted in the documentation of numerous genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers that promise earlier disease detection, more accurate patient stratification and better prognosis. Furthermore, molecular fingerprinting of diseases can be predictive of drug response and so assist with specific targeting of drugs against disease-associated molecules and function

Availability of hydrogen for lunar base activities

Hydrogen will be needed on a lunar base to make water for consumables, to provide fuel, and to serve as a reducing agent in the extraction of oxygen from lunar minerals. This study was undertaken in order to learn more about the abundance and distribution of solar-wind-implanted hydrogen. Hydrogen was found in all samples studied, with concentrations, varying widely depending on soil maturity, grain size, and mineral composition. Seven cores returned from the Moon were studied. Although hydrogen was implanted in the upper surface layer of the regolith, it was found throughout the cores due to micrometeorite reworking of the soil

Tertiary Coal Resources, Eastern Arctic Archipelago

In the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago major coal resources occur within the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary Eureka Sound Formation. The formation, which ranges in thickness from thin erosional outliers on central Axel Heiberg Island to a maximum thickness of 3300 m on Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, contains numerous thick seams of coal. The coal is highly variable in quality, but seams of clean, vitrain rich coal several metres thick are present. The rank of the coal ranges from lignite through sub-bituminous to high-volatile bituminous as measured by vitrinite reflectance. Inferred resources within the area of study are calculated as 30,000 million tonnes of which 15,000 million tonnes are lignite, 11,000 million tonnes are sub-bituminous and 4000 million tonnes are high-volatile bituminous. The area encompassed only a small portion of the known outcrop area of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary coal measures in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago which indicates that considerable further resources are present

Zoning for Obesity: Incorporating context-based strategies for improved health in municipal zoning codes

The practice of land regulation in the United States began as a measure of preventing the spread of infectious disease in urban settlements, increasing safety, and preventing fraudulent real estate transactions. However, the regulations that have been developed since have not favored health as they once did. The post-World War II era not only brought forth an era of economic boom, but it was around this time that increased levels of car ownership occurred, the new interstate system was created, and suburban living became the new ideals. Land regulations in the form of zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations have favored those ideals, which has directly led to urban sprawl and poor urban form in select metropolitan areas. It is also no surprise that from the 1950s and onward, physical health in the United States has been on a decline. Now that the number of people who die from infectious diseases has been significantly reduced, the focus of public health officials has now shifted to decreasing the prevalence of chronic diseases. These chronic diseases include, but are not limited to, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. All of these diseases are on the upswing, especially obesity. Obesity is linked to the aforementioned chronic diseases and other negative health outcomes. The most basic causes of obesity are well known: poor diet, lack of physical activity, et cetera, yet we have not been able to slow its progression. There is an invisible force at play that has contributed to this phenomenon: poor urban planning. Part I of this report will focus on how present literature and research shows the link between the design of the built environment and the physical health of the people who inhabit them, and will review those findings in how they address the relationships between obesity, urban sprawl, and urban form. Part II will explore the current conditions of land regulation, specifically zoning, focusing on their weaknesses in prioritizing health.Dobbins, Michae

"The Morrow's Uprising": William Morris and the English Folk Revival

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