The simplest model of spatially distributed population with reasonable migration of organisms

The simplest model of a smart spatial redistribution of individuals is proposed. A single-species population is considered, to be composed of two discrete subpopulations inhabiting two stations; migration is a transfer between them. The migration is not random and yields the maximization of net reproduction, with respect to the transaction costs. The organisms are supposed to be globally informed. Discrete time model is studied, since it shows all the features of a smart migrations, while the continuous time case brings no new knowledge but the technical problems. Some properties of the model are studied and discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Dynamic origin of species

A simple model of species origin resulted from dynamic features of a population, solely, is developed. The model is based on the evolution optimality in space distribution, and the selection is gone over the mobility. Some biological issues are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Evidence for strong co-evolution of mitochondrial and somatic genomes

We studied a relations between the triplet frequency composition of mitochondria genomes, and the phylogeny of their bearers. First, the clusters in 63dimensional space were developed due to $K$-means. Second, the clade composition of those clusters has been studied. It was found that genomes are distributed among the clusters very regularly, with strong correlation to taxonomy. Strong co-evolution manifests through this correlation: the proximity in frequency space was determined over the mitochondrion genomes, while the proximity in taxonomy was determined morphologically

New Error Tolerant Method to Search Long Repeats in Symbol Sequences

A new method to identify all sufficiently long repeating substrings in one or several symbol sequences is proposed. The method is based on a specific gauge applied to symbol sequences that guarantees identification of the repeating substrings. It allows the matching of substrings to contain a given level of errors. The gauge is based on the development of a heavily sparse dictionary of repeats, thus drastically accelerating the search procedure. Some genomic applications illustrate the method. This paper is the extended and detailed version of the presentation at the third International Conference on Algorithms for Computational Biology to be held at Trujillo, Spain, June 21-22, 2016.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Reflexive spatial behaviour does not guarantee evolution advantage in prey--predator communities

We consider the model of spatially distributed population consisting of two species with "\textsl{predator\,--\,prey}" interaction; each of the species occupies two stations. Transfer of individuals between the stations (migration) is not random and yields the maximization of a net reproduction of each species. Besides, each species implements reflexive behavior strategy to determine the optimal migration flow

Codon Usage Bias Measured Through Entropy Approach

Codon usage bias measure is defined through the mutual entropy calculation of real codon frequency distribution against the quasi-equilibrium one. This latter is defined in three manners: (1) the frequency of synonymous codons is supposed to be equal (i.e., the arithmetic mean of their frequencies); (2) it coincides to the frequency distribution of triplets; and, finally, (3) the quasi-equilibrium frequency distribution is defined as the expected frequency of codons derived from the dinucleotide frequency distribution. The measure of bias in codon usage is calculated for 125 bacterial genomes.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur

New symmetry in nucleotide sequences

Information valuable words are the strings with the significant deviation of real frequency from the expected one. The expected frequency is determined through the maximum entropy principle of the reconstructed (extended) frequency dictionary of strings composed from the shorter words. The information valuable words are found to be the complementary palindromes: they are read equally in opposite directions, if nucleotides are changed for the complementary ones (A T; C G) in one of them. Some properties of such symmetric words are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 tables, 12 reference

Towards the Typology of Elections at Russia

A distinction in reasons and motives for choosing a particular political leader establishes the key difference between older and young democracy. The former is based on electoral history, while the latter is based on feelings and personal attitude. Besides, a comparatively abundant number of political figures (persons or parties and associations) is specific for young democracies. The problem of a reference votes' distribution is analyzed. Lefevbre's theory of a reflexive control is supposed to make the basis for indifferent choice of political figures. This theory yields a golden section split of votes (or the series of Fibonacci numbers, for the case of multiple choice). A typology of political campaigns based on this theory is proposed. A proximity of ratings of competing persons means the highest electoral tension, a leadership of a person means a high level of mobilization; a neutral situation corresponds to Fibonacci numbers distribution of votes

Simple Model of Complex Reflection Behaviour in Two-Species Community

The model of smart migration for two-species community is developed, where the individuals implement reflexive strategy of spatial redistribution. Simulations have been used to figure out the situations where reflexy gives an advantage over a non-reflexive spatial behaviour, and vice versa.Comment: 10 pages, no figure

GIS-aided simulation of spatial distribution of some pollutants at "Stolby" state reservation

Reserved territories seem to be best reference sites of wildnature, where the long-term observations are carried out. Simulation model of spatially distributed processes of contamination of the state reservation is developed, and the dynamics of some pollutants is studied. An issue of the generalized evaluation of an ecological system status is discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 49 reference items, 12 figure