Lapsepõlves ja noorukieas kogetud stressirohkete elusündmuste roll kliinilise depressiooni väljakujunemisel

Despite the fact that the role of stressful life events (SLE) in the development of major depression (MD) has been much studied, there are a few gaps in the literature. Little of the research has used longitudinal and, in particular, population representative samples, and examined the significance of both the total accumulation of events and the variety of events. This study investigated the potential role of up to 26 SLE-s recorded at age 18 in the occurrence of lifetime major depression as measured in a psychiatric interview conducted at age 25. I have used data of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study, comprising two birth cohorts. Assessment of the total number of SLE-s revealed that experience of even only one traumatic event can increase the risk to meet criteria of lifetime diagnosis of major depression (OR=1.43, 95% CIs [1.25, 1.64] p <.001). The strongest association between MD with specific SLEs (ORs ranged from 2 to 4.5) was found for persistent severe worrying, accidents and traumas, poor or absent relationship with a separately living parent, suicidal attempts, suicidal behaviour and depression of a close relative. I also found that the greatest impact across abuse related SLE-s was elicited by emotional abuse in the family. Chronic and episodic SLE-s had independent effects on major depression, and there was no moderation effect between them. The impact of chronic SLEs on major depression was slightly larger compared to episodic events. I did not find any evidence for the association between SLE-s and MD for the group of events "Loss and parental separation". Neither could gender differences across both cohorts and all event groups be demonstrated

FlashProfile: A Framework for Synthesizing Data Profiles

We address the problem of learning a syntactic profile for a collection of strings, i.e. a set of regex-like patterns that succinctly describe the syntactic variations in the strings. Real-world datasets, typically curated from multiple sources, often contain data in various syntactic formats. Thus, any data processing task is preceded by the critical step of data format identification. However, manual inspection of data to identify the different formats is infeasible in standard big-data scenarios. Prior techniques are restricted to a small set of pre-defined patterns (e.g. digits, letters, words, etc.), and provide no control over granularity of profiles. We define syntactic profiling as a problem of clustering strings based on syntactic similarity, followed by identifying patterns that succinctly describe each cluster. We present a technique for synthesizing such profiles over a given language of patterns, that also allows for interactive refinement by requesting a desired number of clusters. Using a state-of-the-art inductive synthesis framework, PROSE, we have implemented our technique as FlashProfile. Across $153$ tasks over $75$ large real datasets, we observe a median profiling time of only $\sim\,0.7\,$s. Furthermore, we show that access to syntactic profiles may allow for more accurate synthesis of programs, i.e. using fewer examples, in programming-by-example (PBE) workflows such as FlashFill.Comment: 28 pages, SPLASH (OOPSLA) 201

Career age peaks

Most researchers seem career as translational motion the steps to the top. However, very similar to that on the ladder just two steps – in 25 and 39 years. At age 25, the largest value reaches the value of the index of intelligence, and at the age of 39 years – management experience. Best results have revealed 6 years after the beginning of its profile

Osmotically Induced Membrane Tension Modulates Membrane Permeabilization by Class L Amphipathic Helical Peptides: Nucleation Model of Defect Formation

AbstractThe mechanism of action of lytic peptides on membranes is widely studied and is important in view of potential medical applications. Previously (I. V. Polozov, A. I. Polozova, E. M. Tytler, G. M. Anantharamaiah, J. P. Segrest, G. A. Woolley, and R. M. Epand, 1997, Biochemistry, 36:9237–9245) we analyzed the mechanism of membrane permeabilization by 18L, the archetype lytic peptide featuring the class L amphipathic α-helix, according to the classification of Segrest et al. (J. P. Segrest, G. de Loof, J. G. Dohlman, C. G. Brouillette, and G. M. Anantharamaiah, 1990, Proteins, 8:103–117). We concluded that the 18L peptide destabilizes membranes, leading to a transient formation of large defects that result in contents leakage and, in the presence of bilayer-bilayer contact, could lead to vesicle fusion. Here we report that this defect formation is strongly enhanced by the membrane tension induced by osmotic swelling of vesicles. Even below standard leakage-inducing peptide/lipid ratios, membrane resistance to osmotic tension drops from hundreds to tens of milliosmoles. The actual decrease is dependent on the peptide/lipid ratio and on the type of lipid. We propose that under membrane tension a peptidic pore serves as a nucleation site for the transient formation of a lipidic pore. The tension is released upon pore expansion with inclusion of more peptides and lipids into the pore lining. This tension modulation of leakage was observed for other class L peptides (mastoparan, K18L) and thus may be of general applicability for the action of membrane active lytic peptides

Ion beam space charge neutralization using for beam intensity increase in linacs

As it is well known, the space charge is the main factor limiting the beam intensity in ion bunchers and low energy linacs. It can be declared that the limit low energy beam current is achieved or close now. But it must be enlarged up to 300…1000 mA for the same purposes as neutron generators, accelerating driven systems and other. It is provide to discussion about new acceleration and focusing methods which can to be used for this facilities. There are two ways to increase ion beam intensity: to enlarge the beam’s cross section and to use the space charge neutralization. The second way of the limit beam current enlargement is more discussable. It is known three (or more?) ideas for beam space charge neutralization: (i) neutralization using plasmas, ionized residual gas or electron cloud; (ii) so-called “funneling” method; (iii) simultaneous acceleration of positive and negative ions in the same bunch. Some results in beam space charge neutralization will discussed for RFQ, DTL, UNDULAC.Как принято считать, влияние объемного заряда пучка является основным фактором, ограничивающим интенсивность ионных пучков в линейных ускорителях на небольшие энергии. Можно утверждать, что в настоящее время в ускорителях на небольшие энергии достигнут (или вскоре будет достигнут) предел по току пучка. Для увеличения тока ионного пучка до 300…1000 мА, что требуется для некоторых приложений, таких как нейтронные генераторы или ядерные установки, управляемые ускорителем, существуют два основных пути: увеличение поперечного сечения пучка и использование нейтрализации влияния объемного заряда. В настоящее время второй путь обсуждается все более активно. Известно три (или более) способа нейтрализации влияния объемного заряда: использование плазмы, ионизованного остаточного газа или электронного облака; метод «сложения» пучков; ускорение ионов с разным знаком в одном сгустке. Некоторые результаты исследования динамики «нейтрализованного» ионного пучка в линейных ускорителях с ПОКФ, ускорителях Альвареца, линейных ондуляторных ускорителях представлены в данной работе.Як прийнято вважати, вплив об'ємного заряду пучка є основним чинником, що обмежує інтенсивність іонних пучків у лінійних прискорювачах на невеликі енергії. Можна стверджувати, що в даний час у прискорювачах на невеликі енергії досягнута (або незабаром буде досягнута) межа по струму пучка. Для збільшення струму іонного пучка до 300...1000 мА, що потрібно для деяких додатків, таких як нейтронні генератори або ядерні установки, керовані прискорювачем, існують два основних шляхи: збільшення поперечного перерізу пучка і використання нейтралізації впливу об'ємного заряду. В даний час другий шлях обговорюється все більш активно. Відомо три (або більше) способи нейтралізації впливу об'ємного заряду: використання плазми, іонізованого залишкового газу або електронної хмари; метод «складання» пучків; прискорення іонів з різним знаком в одному згустку. Деякі результати дослідження динаміки «нейтралізованого» іонного пучка в лінійних прискорювачах з ПОКФ, прискорювачах Альвареця, лінійних ондуляторних прискорювачах представлені в даній роботі