Adoecimiento mental en gestantes

Introduction: Gestation is a period in the life of the woman that exposes her to various physical and psychic changes. It is at this point in her life that a woman is more likely to develop mental disorders, which may be related to low level of schooling and/or socioeconomic status, being female, being single or separated, having no job, being a smoker, and have a family history of mental illness.Objective: to analyze the occurrence of mental illness in pregnant women and the associated factors.Method: cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. The study population consisted of pregnant women enrolled in Family Health Units. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used with identification data of the participants and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Absolute and relative frequency were used to analyze the data, as well as the chi-square test without correction, chi-square test with Mantel-Haenzel extension and the chi-square test with yacht correction to analyze the association between mental illness and socio-demographic, gestational and health variables. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Results: the proportion of suggestion of mental illness in pregnant women was 31.9% and was associated with being single, having studied until elementary school, not having planned pregnancy and having a chronic illness.Conclusions: therefore, the mental illness identified in pregnant women participating in the study may be associated with variables marital status, schooling, pregnancy planning, and chronic illness.Introducción: La gestación es un período en la vida de la mujer que la expone a diversos cambios físicos y psíquicos. Es en este momento de su vida cuando la mujer es más susceptible a desarrollar trastornos mentales, los cuales pueden estar relacionados con bajo nivel de escolaridad y / o socioeconómico, ser del sexo femenino, estar soltero o separado, no tener empleo, ser fumadora, alcoholica y tener antecedentes familiares de enfermedad mental.Objetivo: Analizar la ocurrencia de trastornos mentales en gestantes y los factores asociados al mismo.Método: Estudio transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo. La población del estudio fue constituida por gestantes registradas en Unidades de Salud de la Familia. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el cuestionario con datos de identificación de las participantes y el cuestionario Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó una frecuencia absoluta y relativa, como también la prueba de chi-cuadrado sin corrección, prueba de chi-cuadrado de tendencia con extensión de Mantel-Haenzel y la prueba de chi-cuadrado con corrección de yates para analizar la asociación entre la enfermedad mental y las variables socio demográficas, gestacionales y de salud. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Resultados: La proporción de sugerencia de enfermedad mental en gestantes fue de 31,9% y estuvo asociada con estar soltera, haber estudiado hasta la enseñanza básica, no haber planeado el embarazo y tener enfermedad crónica.Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, la enfermedad mental identificada en las gestantes participantes del estudio puede estar asociada a variables estado civil, escolaridad, planificación del embarazo y tener enfermedad crónica.Introdução: a gestação é um período na vida da mulher que a expõe a diversas alterações físicas e psíquicas. É neste momento de sua vida que a mulher esta mais susceptível a desenvolver transtornos mentais, os quais podem estar relacionados a baixo nível de escolaridade e/ou socioeconômico, ser do sexo feminino, estar solteiro ou separado, não ter emprego, ser tabagista, etilista e ter história familiar de doença mental.Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de adoecimento mental em gestantes e os fatores associados ao mesmo.Método: estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo foi constituída por gestantes cadastradas em Unidades de Saúde da Família. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado questionário com dados de identificação das participantes e o questionário Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se frequência absoluta e relativa, como também o teste de qui-quadrado sem correção, teste de qui-quadrado de tendência com extensão de Mantel-Haenzel e o teste de qui-quadrado com correção de yates para analisar a associação entre o adoecimento mental e as variáveis sócio-demográficas, gestacionais e de saúde. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Resultados: a proporção de sugestão de adoecimento mental em gestantes foi de 31,9% e esteve associada com estar solteira, ter estudado até o ensino fundamental, não ter planejado a gravidez e possuir doença crônica.Conclusões: portanto, o adoecimento mental identificado nas gestantes participantes do estudo pode estar associado a variáveis estado civil, escolaridade, planejamento da gravidez e possuir doença crônica

Trombocitopatia e coagulopatia em bovinos associadas à infestação do carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

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COVID-19 impacts the expression of molecular markers associated with neuropsychiatric disorders

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially characterized due to its impacts on the respiratory system; however, many recent studies have indicated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) significantly affects the brain. COVID-19 can cause neurological complications, probably caused by the induction of a cytokine storm, since there is no evidence of neurotropism by SARS-CoV-2. In line with this, the COVID-19 outbreak could accelerate the progression or affect the clinical outcomes of neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, we analyzed differential gene expression datasets for clinical samples of COVID-19 patients and identified 171 genes that are associated with the pathophysiology of the following neuropsychiatric disorders: alcohol dependence, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, panic disorder, schizophrenia, and sleep disorder. Several of the genes identified are associated with causing some of these conditions (classified as elite genes). Among these elite genes, 9 were found for schizophrenia, 6 for autism, 3 for depression/major depressive disorder, and 2 for alcohol dependence. The patients with the neuropsychiatric conditions associated with the genes identified may require special attention as COVID-19 can deteriorate or accelerate neurochemical dysfunctions, thereby aggravating clinical outcomes

O impacto do vírus Zika no Brasil e no mundo

O vírus Zika, transmitido por mosquitos do gênero Aedes, foi responsável recentemente por um grande surto de infecções e condições patológicas a ele associadas. Muitos casos de microcefalia e outras complicações neurológicas foram relacionados ao vírus, tornando-o alvo de diversas pesquisas no Brasil e no mundo. As investigações científicas, relacionadas ao Zika, em muito pouco tempo, já foram capazes de melhorar o diagnóstico, promover avanços no desenvolvimento de vacinas e outras maneiras de prevenção, bem como maior entendimento sobre as patologias associadas. Neste trabalho, todos esses aspectos foram revisados e discutidos, apresentando um panorama geral sobre o Zika e seu impacto global, especialmente no Brasil.The Zika virus, transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, was recently responsible for a major outbreak of infections and pathological associated conditions. Several cases of microcephaly and other neurological impairments were related with the virus, making Zika a target of multiple research projects in Brazil and worldwide. Scientific investigations, related to Zika, have, in a short time, already been able to improve the diagnosis, promote advances in vaccine development and other ways of prevention, as well as a better understanding of the associated pathologies. In this article, these mentioned topics were reviewed and discussed presenting an overview towards Zika and its global impact, especially in Brazil

SARSCOVIDB : a new platform for the analysis of the molecular impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global emergency issue for public health. This threat has led to an acceleration in related research and, consequently, an unprecedented volume of clinical and experimental data that include changes in gene expression resulting from infection. The SARS-CoV-2 infection database (SARSCOVIDB: https://sarscovidb.org/) was created to mitigate the dificulties related to this scenario. The SARSCOVIDB is an online platform that aims to integrate all differential gene expression data, at messenger RNA and protein levels, helping to speed up analysis and research on the molecular impact of COVID-19. The database can be searched from different experimental perspectives and presents all related information from published data, such as viral strains, hosts, methodological approaches (proteomics or transcriptomics), genes/proteins, and samples (clinical or experimental). All information was taken from 24 articles related to analyses of differential gene expression out of 5,554 COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2-related articles published so far. The database features 12,535 genes whose expression has been identified as altered due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the SARSCOVIDB is a new resource to support the health workers and the scientific community in understanding the pathogenesis and molecular impact caused by SARS-CoV-2

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe