La réconciliation de la démocratie locale et de la compétitivité internationale dans le discours réformiste à Toronto : Essai d’interprétation sur le néolibéralisme normalisé

S’appuyant sur l’exemple de Toronto, cet article cherche à élucider les raisons pour lesquelles plusieurs militants ont recours au langage de la démocratie locale dans leur lutte contre le néolibéralisme. Il est très fréquent que les citoyens perçoivent les réformes urbaines légitimées au nom de la compétitivité mondiale comme une menace directe à leur qualité de vie locale. Cet antagonisme, longtemps conçu par les analystes urbains comme un conflit entre la « valeur d’usage » et la « valeur d’échange », prend toutefois une dimension particulière à Toronto avec le retour d’un régime de centre-gauche caractérisé par la synthèse de ces deux pôles qui s’expliquerait par une dynamique de normalisation du néolibéralisme.Based on the example of Toronto, this article seeks to understand why many activists use the language of local democracy in their struggle against neoliberalism. Recent urban reforms have often been legitimated as “necessary” for global competitiveness. Yet, these reforms have been perceived by residents as a direct threat to their quality of life. While this antagonism has long been analysed as the opposition between “use value” and “exchange value”, the return to power of a centre-left regime in Toronto is better characterized by a synthesis between these two poles, which exemplifies the process of normalizing neoliberalism

Youth-driven tactics of public space appropriation in Hanoi : the case of skateboarding and parkour

Starting in the 2000s, there has been a rise in youth-led appropriation of public spaces in Hanoi, Vietnam. Through case studies of skateboarders and traceurs (practitioners of parkour) in two of the city’s formal public spaces, we explore and analyze the tactics deployed by these young urbanites to claim a part of the characteristically overcrowded and socio-politically restrictive public spaces of the Vietnamese capital. These case studies show that, by seeking to access public spaces for their new activities, skaters and traceurs have had to confront multiple sets of rules, imposed by not only the state, but also corporate actors and resident-driven surveillance. We find that skateboarders and traceurs deal with these forms of control largely through small-scale, non-ideological, and non-confrontational tactics. As a result, these youth practices have become normalized in Hanoi’s public spaces. These findings broaden the discourses on everyday urbanism and social-political transformations in post-socialist urban contexts, and shed light on the ways in which contemporary youths engage with the city

Time, Space, and Rationality: Rethinking Political Action through the Example of Montreal’s Student Spring

Because of a changing relationship with time, space, and affect in a more urbanized world, political actions and social movement practices have transcended the modern, state-oriented logic of action. Following this claim, this paper questions a specifically urban way of acting politically. To answer this question, we need to begin by “looking” for politics in the kinds of places that political scientists generally overlook for political analysis. Understanding the urban logic of political action cannot come solely from an observation of political campaigns, ideologies, political organizations, or interviews with social movement leaders. Using the 2012 student strike in Montreal as our focus, we are taking a different analytical angle that focuses more closely on the personal experience of participation, the personal trajectories of the participating students and the effect of this intense mobilization. This research project uses biometric tools, spatial data and qualitative data to investigate political participation and its relation to the city space

Political action, informality and mobile metropolises: an epistemological reflection

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre cómo estudiar la realidad social en un contexto de urbanidad que, igual que la modernidad, se define como una condición histórica, desigualmente distribuida y dominante. Ello transforma los procesos socio-políticos de tres maneras: 1) a través de la reestructuración de la arquitectura institucional del poder, 2) a través de la generación de nuevas lógicas de acción, y 3) a través de la elaboración de nueva ontologías. En ello, las ciencias sociales evolucionan lentamente con el Estado-Nación, sin la misma velocidad del mundo urbano, característica de nuestra época. Sin embargo, una nueva epistemología de la urbanidad y la informalidad parece estar en desarrollo. Este artículo explora esta nueva epistemología con el ejemplo de las transformaciones del Estado mexicano, el tráfico informal y lo que llamamos las metrópolis móviles.The paper reflects on the most appropriate ways to study social realities in a context of urbanity. Similarly to modernity, we define urbanity as a historical condition, unequally-distributed but dominant. Indeed, urbanisation transforms socio-political processes in three ways: 1) through the restructuring of the institutional architecture of power, 2) through the generation of new logics of action, and 3) through the elaboration of new ontologies. Yet, social sciences evolved with the formation of nation-states, in a world much less fluid than the urban world that characterises our era. However, a new epistemology of urbanity and informality seems to be developing. This paper explores this new epistemology with the example of the transformations of the Mexican state by informal trafficking and the rise of mobile metropolises

Ser y estar en lo urbano. Un acercamiento espacio-temporal al tatuaje

The following article presents a spatial-temporal view of the tattoo that allows us to recognize in it a form of urbanity, understood as daily habits, ways of thinking and interacting. The proposal considers this urbanity, composed of changing and globalized spaces, through the tattoo and its mobile practices. Using an ethnographic and artistic methodology, which emphasizes the subjects’ interactions, transits and contexts, we propose three temporalities of the tattoo: the ritual (the moment of tattooing and its significance), the rhythm (the daily life of the tattooed body) and the life cycle (the long temporality of the ink on the skin). We further explore the spatialities of the tattooed body and its transit in the city. The conclusions of this analysis reveal the mobility of bodies and their marks, broadening our understanding of the urban towards a diversity of contextual perceptions, and to integrate the somatic and corporeal into the social experience of the city.El siguiente artículo propone una mirada espacio-temporal del tatuaje que permite reconocer en él una forma de urbanidad: hábitos cotidianos, formas de pensar e interactuar. La propuesta consiste en comprender esta urbanidad en espacios cambiantes y globalizados por medio del tatuaje y su carácter móvil, entendiendo que el tatuaje es un vínculo para ser y estar en el espacio urbano. Con base en una metodología etnográfica-artística, que enfatiza en las interacciones, tránsitos y contextos de los sujetos, proponemos tres temporalidades del tatuaje: el rito (el momento del tatuaje y su significación), el ritmo (la cotidianidad del cuerpo tatuado) y el ciclo de la vida (el tiempo largo de la permanencia de la tinta en la piel). A su vez, exploramos las espacialidades del cuerpo tatuado y su tránsito en la ciudad. Producto de este análisis concluimos que revelar la movilidad de los cuerpos y sus marcas, posibilita ampliar la mirada de lo urbano hacia una diversidad de percepciones de los entornos, e integrar lo somático y corpóreo a la experiencia social de la ciudad

Persistent Polypharmacy and Fall Injury Risk: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

Background Older adults receive treatment for fall injuries in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The effect of persistent polypharmacy (i.e. using multiple medications over a long period) on fall injuries is understudied, particularly for outpatient injuries. We examined the association between persistent polypharmacy and treated fall injury risk from inpatient and outpatient settings in community-dwelling older adults. Methods The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study included 1764 community-dwelling adults (age 73.6 ± 2.9 years; 52% women; 38% black) with Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) claims at or within 6 months after 1998/99 clinic visit. Incident fall injuries (N = 545 in 4.6 ± 2.9 years) were defined as the initial claim with an ICD-9 fall E-code and non-fracture injury, or fracture code with/without a fall code from 1998/99 clinic visit to 12/31/08. Those without fall injury (N = 1219) were followed for 8.1 ± 2.6 years. Stepwise Cox models of fall injury risk with a time-varying variable for persistent polypharmacy (defined as ≥6 prescription medications at the two most recent consecutive clinic visits) were adjusted for demographics, lifestyle characteristics, chronic conditions, and functional ability. Sensitivity analyses explored if persistent polypharmacy both with and without fall risk increasing drugs (FRID) use were similarly associated with fall injury risk. Results Among 1764 participants, 636 (36%) had persistent polypharmacy over the follow-up period, and 1128 (64%) did not. Fall injury incidence was 38 per 1000 person-years. Persistent polypharmacy increased fall injury risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.31 [1.06, 1.63]) after adjusting for covariates. Persistent polypharmacy with FRID use was associated with a 48% increase in fall injury risk (95%CI: 1.10, 2.00) vs. those who had non-persistent polypharmacy without FRID use. Risks for persistent polypharmacy without FRID use (HR: 1.22 [0.93, 1.60]) and non-persistent polypharmacy with FRID use (HR: 1.08 [0.77, 1.51]) did not significantly increase compared to non-persistent polypharmacy without FRID use. Conclusions Persistent polypharmacy, particularly combined with FRID use, was associated with increased risk for treated fall injuries from inpatient and outpatient settings. Clinicians may need to consider medication management for FRID and other fall prevention strategies in community-dwelling older adults with persistent polypharmacy to reduce fall injury risk

Acción Política, Informalidad y Metrópolis Móviles: Una Reflexión Epistemológica de lo Político

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre cómo  estudiar la realidad social en un contexto de urbanidad que, igual que la modernidad, se define como una condición histórica, desigualmente distribuida y dominante. Ello transforma los procesos socio-políticos de tres maneras: 1) a través de la reestructuración de la arquitectura institucional del poder, 2) a través de la generación de nuevas lógicas de acción, y 3) a través de la elaboración de nueva ontologías.  En ello, las ciencias sociales evolucionan lentamente con el Estado-Nación, sin la misma velocidad del mundo urbano, característica de nuestra época. Sin embargo, una nueva epistemología de la urbanidad y la informalidad parece estar en desarrollo. Este artículo explora esta nueva epistemología con el ejemplo de las transformaciones del Estado mexicano, el tráfico informal y lo que llamamos las metrópolis móviles

Constructing youth citizenship in Montreal and Mexico City : The examples of youth-police relations in Saint-Michel and Iztapalapa.

This research has two objectives : understanding the relation between informal milieus and the construction of citizenship, and understanding why urban fears continue to focus on youth despite the implementation of prevention programs

Synthèse : La constitution de la citoyenneté des jeunes à Montréal et Mexico : Les exemples des relations entre les jeunes et la police à Saint-Michel et Iztapalapa.

Cette recherche a deux objectifs : mieux comprendre la relation entre les milieux informels et la construction de la citoyenneté, ainsi que mieux comprendre pourquoi les peurs urbaines continuent de se centrer sur les jeunes malgré la mise en œuvre de programmes de prévention