Fundações públicas da bahia, sergipe e alagoas: anotações sobre o apoio ao desenvolvimento científico em 2016 / Public foundations of bahia, sergipe and alagoas: notes on the support for scientific development in 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar dados sobre o apoio das Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa dos estados de Alagoas, Bahia e Sergipe, durante o ano de 2016. Reconhece-se a importância dessas instituições para o ensino superior para a produção de conhecimento de docentes, discentes vinculados as universidades. Por meio do mapeamento dos editais publicados nos sites das Fundações dos três estados, buscou-se identificar as finalidades dos editais com destaque para pesquisa. Foram identificadas além de propostas direcionadas para pesquisas, editais voltados à concessão de bolsas de estudo, editais abordando atividades visando a consolidação da po?s-graduac?a?o, outros com foco na organização de eventos e editais estimulando pesquisadores a apresentação de trabalhos em eventos científicos

O Ateliê da infância como espaço de interações e brincadeiras

Anais do 35º Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul - Área temática: EducaçãoO Ateliê da Infância, projeto que está vinculado ao Programa de Extensão Núcleo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Educação da Infância - NEPE, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, foi proposto com o objetivo de oportunizar um espaço privilegiado para a brincadeirae a vivência de múltiplaslinguagens pelos bebês e crianças da Educação Infantil, bem como para a formação de professoras de creches epré-escolas da rede pública de ensino do Rio Grande - RS. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram definidas 10 ações desenvolvidas em 2016 e 2017. Dentre elas, destacamos as visitas realizadas pelas turmas de Educação Infantil ao Ateliê da Infância, que é planejado para que as crianças possam brincar e vivenciar múltiplas linguagens,tendo em vistaque as interações com outras crianças e adultos são possibilidades ricas de ampliação de conhecimentos nas mais diversas dimensões, como, estética, cultural, corporal, artística, oral, escrita, entre outras.Destacamos, ainda, as oficinas pedagógicas para professoras de Educação Infantil e estudantes dos cursos de Pedagogia, Educação Física e Artes Visuais.A partir das oficinas realizadas e das visitas das escolas ao Ateliê,percebemos a contribuição deste espaço para as reflexões acerca da infância e da importância das múltiplas linguagens na Educação Infanti

ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NA PREVENÇÃO DO DESMAME PRECOCE: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura.

Breastfeeding is considered the first healthy lifestyle of human beings, it should be exclusive in the first six months of life and complemented until two years of age. However, this may encounter several barriers to its realization, since early weaning is influenced by several social, emotional and cultural factors. In this sense, it is the nurse's role to demystify beliefs and myths and adopt different strategies to maintain exclusive breastfeeding. The objective was to analyze the performance of nursing care in preventing early weaning and its causes. This is an integrative literature review, carried out in the BVS, SciELO, LILACS, BDENF and PubMed databases. Studies published in the last ten years were included, considering complete articles in English or Portuguese from 2013 to 2023, which responded to the objectives of the present study. In addition, duplicate, incomplete, review articles that did not respond to the objectives of the studies and are not in the time frame of the last ten years were excluded. 14 articles were selected, which were within the eligibility criteria. It was evident that the belief in the “weak” and “insufficient” bed, the need to return to extra-domestic work and the difficulty in maintaining the breastfeeding routine results in early weaning. It is concluded that the participation of the nursing professional during the breastfeeding process contributes to its being exclusive up to an ideal date, thus avoiding the introduction of other foods before the correct period.O aleitamento materno é considerado o primeiro estilo de vida saudável do ser humano, deve ser exclusivo nos primeiros seis meses de vida e complementado até os dois anos. Todavia, essa exclusividade encontra diversas barreiras para a sua realização, posto que o desmame precoce é influenciado por inúmeros fatores sociais, emocionais e culturais. Neste sentido, é papel do enfermeiro desmistificar as crenças e mitos e adotar diferentes estratégias para a manutenção do aleitamento exclusivo. Objetivou-se analisar a atuação da assistência da enfermagem na prevenção ao desmame precoce e suas causas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada nas bases de dados BVS, SciELO, LILACS, BDENF e PubMed. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos dez anos, considerando artigos completos em inglês ou português no período de 2013 a 2023, os quais responderam os objetivos do presente estudo. Ademais, foram excluídos os artigos duplicados, incompletos, de revisão, que não responderam os objetivos dos estudos e não estão no recorte temporal dos últimos dez anos. Foram selecionados 14 artigos, os quais estavam dentro dos critérios de elegibilidade. Evidenciou-se que a crença no leito “fraco” e “insuficiente”, a necessidade de retornar ao trabalho extra doméstico e a dificuldade de manter a rotina de amamentação resulta no desmame precoce. Conclui-se que a participação do profissional de enfermagem durante o processo de amamentação contribui para que esta seja exclusiva até a data ideal, evitando, assim, a introdução de outros alimentos antes do período correto

Inclusão escolar de alunos portadores de Transtorno do Espectro Autista na educação infantil: uma revisão sistemática: School inclusion of students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in early childhood education: a systematic review

Este artigo debate o problema da inclusão escolar de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Para estabelecer o debate, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico e referencial para uma revisão sistemática do tema. O objetivo é clarificar os conceitos de inclusão escolar e TEA para debater como é feito o processo educacional de crianças com TEA. Sendo assim, a partir da pesquisa científica de descritores como “inclusão escolar”, “transtorno do espectro autista”, foi observado, pelos diversos autores trabalhados, que ainda há muito o que se debater e trabalhar para que ocorra a inclusão escolar de crianças com TEA. Apesar das muitas tentativas, erros e acertos, o tema ainda é pouco trabalhado e divulgado, visto que há poucos profissionais capacitados na área

Tamponamento intrauterino induzido por vácuo para hemorragia pós-parto: uma revisão sistemática

A hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) é uma complicação grave e uma das principais causas de mortalidade materna global, respondendo por aproximadamente 25% de todos os óbitos maternos. A busca por intervenções eficazes e seguras é crítica para melhorar os desfechos maternos. O tamponamento intrauterino induzido por vácuo (VHD) surgiu como uma abordagem promissora, oferecendo potencial para rápido controle do sangramento e redução da necessidade de procedimentos invasivos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia, segurança e aplicabilidade na prática clínica moderna. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura de 2016 a 2024 nas bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library e SciELO. A seleção dos estudos foi baseada em critérios de inclusão e exclusão rigorosos, focando na eficácia, segurança e aplicabilidade do VHD para tratamento da HPP. Três estudos chave foram analisados, com pacientes submetidos ao tratamento com VHD para HPP. Os resultados demonstraram uma taxa de sucesso no tratamento variando de 73% a 94%, com um controle do sangramento alcançado em uma média de 3 minutos. Foi observada uma redução significativa na necessidade de transfusões maciças de sangue e na perda de sangue estimada quando comparado com o tamponamento com balão uterino. Eventos adversos foram relatados, mas todos resolveram-se sem sequelas graves. O tamponamento intrauterino induzido por vácuo apresenta-se como uma opção promissora no tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto, com resultados consistentes indicando eficácia no controle do sangramento e redução na necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas. Embora os resultados sejam encorajadores, mais estudos são necessários para confirmar essas descobertas e explorar plenamente o potencial do VHD na prática clínica. O VHD emerge como uma alternativa eficaz e segura, com potencial para melhorar significativamente os desfechos maternos e reduzir a morbimortalidade associada à HPP

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit