"Ca m'a fait zizir d'avoir un peut de tes news"

In den letzten Jahren wurde im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs vermehrt das Konzept des Sprachrepertoires diskutiert, welches den Sprechenden und sein persönliches Sprachspektrum als Ausgangspunkt der Forschung nimmt. Diese Arbeit hat sich das Ziel gesetzt, Sprachrepertoire, dessen Veränderungen durch Migration und die daraus resultierenden Beschreibungen darzustellen. Dazu wurden 21 Interviews mit senegalesischen StudentInnen der Universität in Nizza geführt. Der Untersuchung geht die These voraus, dass Migration Sprachrepertoire auf allen linguistischen Ebenen sowie die Persönlichkeit der Sprechenden verändert. Zuerst werden begriffliche Erklärungen von ‚Translanguaging‘ sowie ‚Raum‘ und ‚Zeit‘ erarbeitet, die zum anschließend diskutierten, zentralen Konzept des Sprachrepertoires hinleiten. Der theoretische Rahmen wird um einleitende Begriffsbestimmungen zu ‚Migration und Sprache‘ ergänzt. Die durch Leitfadeninterviews (qualitativ) erhobenen Daten werden dann mittels einer Methodenkombination von Diskurs- und Erzählanalyse erforscht. Daraus ergibt sich: Zu Beginn der Migration wird eine starke sprachliche Differenz zwischen Herkunfts- und Ankunftsgesellschaft wahrgenommen, die sich mit der Dauer des Aufenthalts je nach SprecherIn mehr oder weniger verringert. Das Sprachrepertoire verändert sich sowohl im französischen Sprachspektrum als auch in den afrikanischen Sprachen der Sprechenden, was positiv und negativ wahrgenommen wird. Die durch Globalisierung entstandenen technischen Entwicklungen haben weiters Einfluss auf Sprachrepertoire, -ideologie, und –ökonomie.Over the last couple of years the concept of linguistic repertoire was increasingly discussed in the scientific dialogue. The research of this concept is based on the personal speech spectrum of the speaker and the speaker him or herself. The work premise is the linguistic repertoire, its changing through migration and the resulting explanation. Therefore 21 senegalese students of the University of Nice have been interviewed. Preceding the assumption of the research migration changes the linguistic repertoire on all linguistic levels as well as the personality of the speakers. First conceptual explanations of 'translanguaging' as well as ‘space’ and ‘time’ are acquired, which then lead to the latter discussed focused concept of the linguistic repertoire. To the theory introductory definitions concerning migration and language are added. The information gained by guided interviews is then investigated by combining discourse analysis and complementary methods. This leads to the following conclusion: In the beginning of the speakers’ migration a strong linguistic difference between the native community and the destination society is noticed. Depending on the speaker the difference decreases more or less whilst the duration of the stay. The linguistic repertoire alters in both the french speech spectrum and the endogenous languages of the speakers, which is positively and negatively experienced. Also the linguistic repertoire, ideology and economy are influenced by technological developments emerging from globalization

La conscience linguistique des étudiants d'origine sénégalaise à l'Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Sprachbewusstsein senegalesischer Studenten, die an der Universität in Nizza (Frankreich) studieren. Dabei liegt der Interessenschwerpunkt in ihrer sprachlichen Wahrnehmung bezüglich der senegalesischen Nationalsprachen und insbesondere dem Französischen. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich deren Wahrnehmung, bestimmt durch die Migration und den Aufenthalt in Frankreich, verändert hat.The diploma theses is about the linguisitc conscience of senegalese students at the university of Nice (France). I'm especially interested in their linguistic perception concerning the senegalese national languages and the french language and how this perceptions changed due to the migration and during the residence in France

Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental phenotypes diagnosed in more than 1% of children. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ASD susceptibility, but to date no individual variants have been robustly associated with ASD. With a marked sample-size increase from a unique Danish population resource, we report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 18,381 individuals with ASD and 27,969 controls that identified five genome-wide-significant loci. Leveraging GWAS results from three phenotypes with significantly overlapping genetic architectures (schizophrenia, major depression, and educational attainment), we identified seven additional loci shared with other traits at equally strict significance levels. Dissecting the polygenic architecture, we found both quantitative and qualitative polygenic heterogeneity across ASD subtypes. These results highlight biological insights, particularly relating to neuronal function and corticogenesis, and establish that GWAS performed at scale will be much more productive in the near term in ASD

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised protons

Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise. © 2015

Identification of Novel Genetic Loci Associated with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Clinical Thyroid Disease

Peer reviewe