Cafestol and kahweol content in different specialty coffee brews: Exploration by NMR analysis and evaluation of brewing parameters

Cafestol and kahweol, two coffee diterpenes known for their health effects, were quantified in cups of Kenya specialty coffee prepared using eight different brewing methods: AeroPress, Chemex, Clever, V60, Moka, Ibrik, Pure Brew, and French press. High-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed for this analysis, involving a straightforward sample preparation procedure with only an extraction step for lipid compounds. Statistical tools were utilized to examine the correlation between diterpene concentrations and each extraction feature, with a focus on the impact of brewing parameters. The results indicate that unfiltered brewing methods produce coffee with high concentrations of diterpenes, whereas paper-filtered methods result in significantly lower concentrations. The findings suggest that these compounds are present in the coffee cup as part of the suspended solids, and that filtration, pressurization, and coffee powder particle size are crucial parameters influencing their concentration

Horizon entanglement area law from regular black hole thermodynamics

We investigate the thermodynamics of regular black hole configurations via quantum analogs of entropy and energy—namely, the entanglement entropy and entanglement energy—near the event horizon of Bardeen and Hayward black holes. Following standard approaches, we introduce a quantum scalar field propagating in such black hole spacetimes and discretize the field degrees of freedom on a lattice of spherical shells.We observe that, at leading order, the entanglement entropy associated with the scalar field is proportional to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, while the corresponding entanglement energy scales proportionally to Komar energy.We then compute the heat capacity in both scenarios, discussing the black hole stability conditions and the possible appearance of second-order phase transitions. Finally, we extend our analysis to the black hole core, showing that in this sector entanglement energy serves as a valuable tool towards discriminating between singular and regular solutions

Effect of Sphingomyelin and Vitamin D3 Intake on the Rabbit Brain

Sphingomyelin is a crucial molecule in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, and its action is closely related to that of vitamin D3. Both molecules are recognized for their involvement in brain pathophysiology. In this study, the effect of a sphingomyelin + vitamin D3-enriched diet was investigated in rabbits. The results showed a strong immunopositive GFAP staining in the brain’s white matter. Furthermore, a remodeling of the balance between glycero-phospholipids and ether-phospholipids was observed in the brain, along with an increase in ceramides and hexose ceramides, molecules relevant for the structure, function, and stability of myelin. Taken together, these findings provide clues as to how the combination sphingomyelin + vitamin D3 may play a vital role in normal brain physiology and could potentially be leveraged in the context of neurodegenerative diseases

Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation

The seismic sequence that affected central Italy starting from 24 August 2016 (with a maximum magnitude of Mw 6.5) led to the reactivation of several landslide phenomena, many of which correspond to thrust areas that characterize the eastern side of the Sibillini Mountains (central portion of Northern Apennines). The geomorphological study carried out through the analysis of aerial images and detailed on-field surveys, made it possible to verify the presence of several ancient landslide bodies whose kinematics are due to rotational slid-ing and, to a lesser extent, to flows. Landslide scarp, even if partially eroded, are sometimes clearly recognizable. These phenomena, currently dormant or inactive, were later covered by debris from the alteration of the bedrock itself until the slope was almost completely regulated. This study analyses one of these gravitative phenomena in Piobbico (municipality of Sarnano, Marche Region) where, after the seismic se-quence of 2016, a lot of damage to buildings occurred. This is not exclusively compatible with the magnitude of the earthquake or with the structural characteristics of the build-ing itself. Geophysical studies and dynamic numerical models have shown that the main cause can be attributed to the am-plification of the seismic waves as they pass through the de-trital cover. In this case, these slope waste deposits consist of more than 40 meters of material mixed with blocks of bed-rock. This phenomenon is recurring in contexts like the one described, where tectonic activity creates steep terrain and dynamic slopes. During intense seismic events, these factors significantly increase the risk to buildings and urbanised areas

New Cu(II), Cu(I) and Ag(I) Complexes of Phenoxy-Ketimine Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Antibacterial Activity

Two phenoxy-ketimines ligands, 2-(1-(benzylimino)ethyl)phenol (HLBSMe) and 2-((benzylimino)(phenyl)methyl)phenol (HLBSPh), were synthesized and used as supporting ligands of new copper(II), copper(I), and silver(I) complexes. In order to confer different solubility properties to the metal complexes and to stabilize Cu and Ag in their +1 oxidation state, the lipophilic triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and the hydrophilic 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) were selected as co-ligands in the syntheses of the Cu(I) and Ag(I) complexes. All compounds were characterized by CHN analysis, NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS); the molecular structure of the copper(II) complex [Cu(LBSPh)2] was also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the metal complexes, the Schiff base ligands and phosphane co-ligands, were assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus)

Photobiomodulation with fluorescent light energy as a sole treatment of pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot): a case series

Objective: To describe the therapeutical effect of fluorescent light energy (FLE) in managing pyotraumatic dermatitis in 8 dogs. Animals: 8 dogs. Clinical presentation: 8 owned dogs between 2 and 8 years old with clinical signs and acute onset of naïve, not already treated pyotraumatic dermatitis. Results: All the patients achieved resolution of the lesions within a maximum of 2 weekly FLE sessions (back-to-back protocol) as the sole therapeutical approach. Follow-up information was available for at least 1 month after resolution, and none of the dogs had recurrence of pruritus or dermatitis in the same treated area. Clinical relevance: Pyotraumatic dermatitis is a common skin condition affecting particularly allergic dogs, and its severity can vary depending on the time of presentation, lesion extension, and bacterial complication. This is the first case series describing successful management of pyotraumatic dermatitis through FLE treatment alone. Clinical Relevance Pyotraumatic dermatitis is a common skin condition affecting particularly allergic dogs, and its severity can vary depending on the time of presentation, lesion extension, and bacterial complication. This is the first case series describing successful management of pyotraumatic dermatitis through FLE treatment alone

Della responsabilità delle parti per le spese e per i danni processuali

Il contributo descrive ed analizza la disciplina contenuta negli artt. 90-98 c.p.c., alla luce dell'elaborazione dottrinale e giurisprudenziale