Teorias curriculares, modelos de planificação e suas implicações no ensino da História e da Geografia

Mestrado, Ensino de História e de Geografia no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, 29 de Novembro de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.Planificar é um processo que implica orientar as ações a serem desenvolvidas antes, durante e depois da prática letiva, refletindo as decisões tomadas pelo docente. A planificação funciona assim como uma pedra basilar da prática pedagógica, que contribui para o sucesso do ensino, permitindo que seja efetuada uma previsão da aula, com definição de conteúdos, competências, objetivos, descritores de desempenho, conceitos, estratégias e avaliação. O processo de planificação vai muito para além de definir conteúdos, estratégias e materiais a serem mobilizados. Este processo exige uma reflexão constante por parte do docente sobre a sua prática, ou seja, este irá refletir sobre o que pretende com as suas ações, os objetivos a serem alcançados, tendo sempre consciência de que as suas ações irão desempenhar um papel fundamental no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Ao realizar este processo de planificação, o docente está a estruturar toda a sua atividade, delineando as suas ações, o que irá reduzir a probabilidade de algo correr mal. Dentro do campo da planificação docente existe uma panóplia de modelos que podem ser seguidos. Estes modelos advêm das várias teorias curriculares desenvolvidas ao logo dos anos por diversos investigadores, podendo servir de referência ao trabalho dos docentes. Este relatório centra-se na análise e reflexão crítica de todos os dados recolhidos ao longo do ano de estágio, com a finalidade compreender a importância e as implicações que terão as planificações no ensino da História e Geografia.ABSTRACT: Planning is a process that involves guiding the actions to be taken before, during and after teaching practice, where the teacher’s decisions are reflected. The planning works as a cornerstone of pedagogical practice, this contributes to the success of teaching and learning, allowing a prediction of the time of class and its performance, having set the contents, skills, goals, performance descriptors, concepts, strategies and evaluation. The planning process goes far beyond defining contents, strategies and materials to be taught. This process requires constant reflection by the teacher about his practice, and, it will reflect on what you want with your actions, the objectives to be achieved, always being aware that his actions will play a key-role in the process of teaching and student learning. By performing this process of planning, the teacher has to structure all his activity, defining his actions and what/ how to share, which will reduce the possibility of something going wrong. Within the planning of the teaching field there is a range of models that can be followed, these models come from various curriculum theories developed through the years by various global educators. It is now up to the teacher to select the model he will use. This report focuses on analysis and critical reflection of all the data collected during the internship year, and helped me through analysis and reflection to understand the importance and the implications it will have the unfolds in the teaching of history and geography

Repeatability and Reproducibility of Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness Using a Medical Image-Processing Software

Although choroid has been shown to have a vital role in the pathophysiology of many ocular diseases, its role in the pathogenesis of several other conditions remains uncertain. The authors propose a novel methodology to establish a more accurate Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness (PPCT), using an image-processing software. This study sought to evaluate the reproducibility and repeatability of PPCT evaluation with ImageJ software in healthy volunteers. Forty-eight eyes of 24 volunteers were subjected to PPCT area determination, after imaging acquisition and recording with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) Heidelberg Spectralis®, during two different sessions, by two blinded assessors. The age of the subjects was 29.2 ± 4.5 years (mean ± SD). The Coefï¬cient of Repeatability (CR) average measurements of PPCT area was 17.06 mm2 and 9.48 mm2 correspondingly, for the ï¬rst and second examiners. Intra-class Correlation Coefï¬cient (ICC) was 0.994 (95% CI 0.989 to 0.997) and 0.998 (95% CI 0.997 to 0.999). Inter-observer Concordance Correlation Coefï¬cient (CCC) was 0.998 (95% CI 0.996 to 0.999) for both examiners. Intra-observer CCC ranged from 0.997 (95% CI 0.996 to 0.999) to 0.998 (95% CI 0.997 to 0.999), correspondingly, for the first and second examiners. The PPCT quantification by means of the proposed methodology showed good inter- and intra-observer agreement for both operators, indicating feasibility and good reproducibility of the proposed methodology. This approach might be used in different clinical settings and potentially contributes to elucidation of the choroid role in ocular pathology

a multicenter study

(1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.publishersversionpublishe

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

ARIA 2016 : Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma and rhinitis and (3) to develop guidelines with all stakeholders that could be used globally for all countries and populations. ARIA-disseminated and implemented in over 70 countries globally-is now focusing on the implementation of emerging technologies for individualized and predictive medicine. MASK [MACVIA (Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif)-ARIA Sentinel NetworK] uses mobile technology to develop care pathways for the management of rhinitis and asthma by a multi-disciplinary group and by patients themselves. An app (Android and iOS) is available in 20 countries and 15 languages. It uses a visual analogue scale to assess symptom control and work productivity as well as a clinical decision support system. It is associated with an inter-operable tablet for physicians and other health care professionals. The scaling up strategy uses the recommendations of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. The aim of the novel ARIA approach is to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers, whatever their age, sex or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequalities incurred by the disease.Peer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points