UMA ABORDAGEM CARTOGRÁFICA PARA A INFÂNCIA: MEDIAÇÃO CULTURAL E CONSTRUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS

The objective of this article was to unveil senses constructed from cultural mediation for childhood, taking the theoretical and methodological approach of cartography as a conducting wire. The actions were carried out in an area of early childhood education of the public network in a municipality in the northern region of Santa Catarina, with children aged from 4 to 5 years of age. The qualitative research was carried out through cultural mediations contemplating the languages / expressions of the arts (dance, music and visual arts) based on an Exhibition, consisting of photographs of works and objects of a local artist, inserted in a museum collection. The research process revealed clues regarding the construction of senses by children, such as: the amplification of listening to sounds produced individually and collectively; the identification of visual dimensions as short / long, thin / thick, wide / narrow, empty / full, light / heavy, volume and body relation to space, other bodies, movement and musical rhythms.Este artículo presenta una investigación cuyo objetivo fue desvelar sentidos construidos desde la mediación cultural para la infancia, teniendo como hilo conductor el abordaje teórico y metodológico de la cartografía. Las acciones fueron realizadas en un espacio de la educación infantil de la red pública de un municipio en la región norte de Santa Catarina, con niños de 4 a 5 años. La investigación, de cuño cualitativo, fue realizada por medio de mediaciones culturales contemplando los lenguajes/expresiones de las artes (danza, música y artes visuales) teniendo como base una Muestra, compuesta por fotografías de obras y objetos de un artista local, insertadas en el acervo de un museo. El proceso de investigación reveló pistas referentes a las construcciones de sentidos por los niños, como: la ampliación del oír de los sonidos producidos de forma individual y colectiva; la identificación de las dimensiones visuales como corto/largo, fino/grueso, largo/estrecho, vacío/lleno, liviano/pesado, volumen, y la relación del cuerpo con el espacio, con otros cuerpos, con el movimiento y con los ritmos musicales.Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi desvelar sentidos construídos a partir da mediação cultural para a infância, tendo como fio condutor a abordagem teórica e metodológica da cartografia. As ações foram realizadas num espaço da educação infantil da rede pública de um município na região norte de Santa Catarina, com crianças de 4 a 5 anos. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi realizada por meio de mediações culturais contemplando as linguagens/expressões das artes (dança, música e artes visuais) tendo como base uma Mostra, composta por fotografias de obras e objetos de um artista local, inseridas no acervo de um museu. O processo de pesquisa revelou pistas referentes às construções de sentidos pelas crianças, como: a ampliação da escuta dos sons produzidos de forma individual e coletiva; a identificação das dimensões visuais como curto/comprido, fino/grosso, largo/estreito, vazio/cheio, leve/pesado, volume, e a relação do corpo com o espaço, com outros corpos, com o movimento e com os ritmos musicais

Effects of electroacupuncture on stress and anxiety-related responses in rats

The aim of this work was to investigate if eletroacupuncture at PC6 would modulate the stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and the level of activation of several brain areas. Rats were distributed in groups: control; submitted to immobilization; submitted to immobilization and eletroacupuncture at PC6 or at the tail. Immobilization increased grooming and decreased stretched attend postures and the time spent in the open arms of the ele-vated plus-maze. Eletroacupuncture at PC6 or tail canceled the effect of immobilization on grooming and attenuated the stretched attend posture. Immobilization increased Fos-immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex, medial and central amygdala, paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2 and CA3 hippocampal areas. The activation of paraventricular, dorsomedial nuclei and prefrontal cortex by immobilization was canceled by electroacupuncture at PC6 and attenuated by electroacupuncture in the tail. The activation of the other areas was canceled by electroacupuncture in PC6 or the tail. It is concluded that immobilization induced anxiety-like behavior that was moderately attenuated by eletroacupuncture with difference between the stimulation in PC6 or the rat tail. Eletroacupuncture showed specificity concerning to the attenuation of the effects of immobilization in the CNS areas related to the stress response, anxiety and cardiovascular system.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Inst Saude & Soc, Campus Baixada Santista,Rua Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Inst Saude & Soc, Campus Baixada Santista,Rua Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

O ensino de artes na contemporaneidade: uma experiência metodológica de ensino de arte para crianças surdas

No presente estudo buscamos utilizar como sustentação teórica para o ensino de artes na contemporaneidade, os fundamentos da teoria crítica do ensino de artes, a teoria sócio-histórica e a sociologia crítica, em diálogo com a experiência na construção de objetos pedagógicos e metodologias de ensino de artes em uma perspectiva inclusiva para crianças surdas e cegas. Ao longo da experiência de pesquisa sistematizamos modos de produção de conhecimento e constituição da subjetividade, problemáticas que fundamentam a prática docente na contemporaneidade

Production of enzymes by filamentous fungus using sugarcane and sugarcane bagasse as substrate

The production of enzymes by bioprocesses is a good alternative to add value to agroindustrial waste. Sugarcane bagasse, an abundant and cheap by-product of the sugar industry, was tested as a carbon source for the production of biotechnological interesting enzymes. In this work, fungi were isolated from anatomical parts of sugarcane (root, steam and leaf) and, then, were assessed for enzyme production. The isolated and identified fungi were Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma auroviride and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Trichoderma auroviride was used for enzyme production (xylanase, invertase and protease) using sugarcane as substrate. Xylanase production (2037 U) by Trichoderma auroviride was higher than invertase and protease production; thus, this enzyme was selected for the further studies. The study of the influence of variables (temperature and stirring intensity) on xylanase production by Trichoderma auroviride, using sugarcane bagasse as substrate, showed that the most favorable xylanase production conditions were observed at 25 °C, without stirring intensity and using saline and Tween for enzyme extraction, which led to a 1980 U xylanase activity.(Produção de enzimas por fungos filamentosos utilizando cana-de-açúcar e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como substrato). A produção de enzimas por bioprocessos é uma boa alternativa para agregar valor a resíduos agroindustriais. O bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, um abundante e barato subproduto da indústria de açúcar, foi testado como fonte de carbono para a produção de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico. Neste trabalho foi realizado o isolamento e identificação de fungos a partir de peças anatômicas (caule, raiz e folha) da cana-de-açúcar e em seguida foi realizada a investigação da produção de enzimas por esses microrganismos. Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma auroviride e Cladosporium cladosporioides foram os fungos isolados e identificados. Trichoderma auroviride foi utilizado para a produção de enzimas (xilanase, invertase e protease) utilizando cana-de-açúcar como substrato. A produção de xilanase (2037 U) por Trichoderma auroviride foi maior que a produção de protease e de invertase, portanto, essa enzima foi selecionada para estudos posteriores. O estudo da influência das variáveis temperatura e intensidade de agitação na produção da xilanase por Trichoderma auroviride usando bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como substrato demonstrou que a condição mais favorável para a produção de xilanase foi observada a 25 °C, sem agitação e utilizando solução salina e Tween para extração da enzima, o que levou a uma produção de xilanase de 1980 U

Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients : an open-label, randomised clinical trial

Background: The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. This study investigates the effect of CP on clinical improvement in these patients. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel arm, open-label, superiority clinical trial. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to two infusions of CP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical improvement 28 days after enrolment. Results: A total of 160 (80 in each arm) patients (66.3% critically ill, 33.7% severely ill) completed the trial. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 60.5 (48–68) years; 58.1% were male and the median (IQR) time from symptom onset to randomisation was 10 (8–12) days. Neutralising antibody titres >1:80 were present in 133 (83.1%) patients at baseline. The proportion of patients with clinical improvement on day 28 was 61.3% in the CP+SOC group and 65.0% in the SOC group (difference −3.7%, 95% CI −18.8–11.3%). The results were similar in the severe and critically ill subgroups. There was no significant difference between CP+SOC and SOC groups in pre-specified secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, days alive and free of respiratory support and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Inflammatory and other laboratory marker values on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar between groups. Conclusions: CP+SOC did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement on day 28 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 compared to SOC alone

Underlying heart diseases and acute COVID-19 outcomes

Background: The presence of any underlying heart condition could influence outcomes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The registry HOPE-COVID-19 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19, NCT04334291) is an international ambispective study, enrolling COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital, dead or alive. Results: HOPE enrolled 2798 patients from 35 centers in 7 countries. Median age was 67 years (IQR: 53.0–78.0), and most were male (59.5%). A relevant heart disease was present in 682 (24%) cases. These were older, more frequently male, with higher overall burden of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, obesity) and other comorbidities such renal failure, lung, cerebrovascular disease and oncologic antecedents (p < 0.01, for all). The heart cohort received more corticoids (28.9% vs. 20.4%, p < 0.001), antibiotics, but less hydroxychloroquine, antivirals or tocilizumab. Considering the epidemiologic profile, a previous heart condition was independently related with shortterm mortality in the Cox multivariate analysis (1.62; 95% CI 1.29–2.03; p < 0.001). Moreover, heart patients needed more respiratory, circulatory support, and presented more in-hospital events, such heart failure, renal failure, respiratory insufficiency, sepsis, systemic infammatory response syndrome and clinically relevant bleedings (all, p < 0.001), and mortality (39.7% vs. 15.5%; p < 0.001).Conclusions: An underlying heart disease is an adverse prognostic factor for patients suffering COVID-19. Its presence could be related with different clinical drug management and would benefit from maintaining treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers during in-hospital stay

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks