Awareness of Nephrolithiasis in Educated Community of Azad Kashmir Pakistan: -

Background: Renal stone is an important health problem in the world and is the most common disease in the urinary tract system. It is particularly a common problem in many countries Knowledge and lifestyle attitude of individuals toward renal stone plays a role in delivering optimum management. Primary Study Objective: To determine the public awareness of renal stones causes, symptoms, and management among the population of AJK Pakistan Setting: General population of all the ages was under consideration and data were taken from the general population Participants: This study was conducted on 100 patients from different areas  Methods: The data of this quantitative cross-sectional study was collected from participants of AJK. Participants were given a self-administered questionnaire written in English. August 2020 to September 2020. individuals of all ages are included in this study. Results: Out of hundred participants we determine the awareness among the educational community of AJK. All category of individuals is involved in our research married and unmarried people and students with arts and science subjects. About 13% of males and 87% of females are involved in our research with different ages. Conclusion: This data indicates that the participants are to some degree aware of some aspects of renal stone prevention, symptoms, and modes of diagnosis and treatment. Individuals who experienced renal stones were more knowledgeable in some respects. Further emphasis on public awareness of renal stones is recommended

Towards COBIT-based Framework to Govern Flood Management

The worsening condition of floods in Malaysia, in terms of frequency and impact, calls for improvement in all aspects of flood management. In addition to technology enhancement of, and developing expertise, it is hoped that improvement on the governance of flood management could alleviate the problems relating to floods. Governance of flood management aims to address the issues related to flood management by having a well-defined governance structure over processes leading to improving decision making; and efficient management of the data and information (capture, manipulation, and sharing of information) to enable quick and correct decisions to be made. Activities involved in flood management are sequenced into phases which reflect a flood cycle. The COBIT framework is used as a reference in identifying components that should exist in a flood management governance structure. This paper proposes a high level flood management governance collaborative environment incorporating the existing flood management components, as identified through reviews and field visits to several flood management sites

Prevalence of Impacted Teeth in Saudi Patients Attending Dental Clinics in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A Radiographic Retrospective Study

Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of impacted teeth in Saudi patients and compare between male and female subjects. Method. This cross-sectional study comprised of Saudi patients who attended dental clinics in major hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Patients’ dental records and panoramic radiographs were reviewed retrospectively. Impacted teeth excluding third molars and spaces occupied by primary, permanent, and transmigrated teeth were recorded from panoramic radiographs. The Pearson chi-squared test was performed to determine gender differences regarding impacted teeth and spaces occupied by other teeth. Results. The study included radiographs of 539 patients with a mean age of 23.3 ± 10.8 years. Seventy-one patients (13.2%) had at least one impacted tooth. The total number of impacted teeth was 115 in the sample, out of which 91 (79.1%) were in the upper arch and 24 (20.8%) in the lower arch. Fifty-eight maxillary canines (50.4%) were impacted making them the most commonly impacted teeth, followed by 21 upper second premolars (18.2%) and 14 lower second premolars (12.2%). More females (70.7%) than males (29.3%) had impacted teeth (P=0.82). Of 61 spaces occupied, 35 (57.4%) were occupied by permanent teeth, 24 (39.3%) by primary teeth, and 2 (3.3%) by transmigrated teeth. Greater proportions of spaces were occupied in female than male participants (P>0.05). Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of impacted teeth in Saudi patients. The canines were the most commonly impacted teeth followed by the second premolars. Females demonstrated a higher occurrence of impacted teeth than males. Early detection of impacted teeth can help prevent malocclusion and maintain a healthy dentition

COBIT principles to govern flood management

The worsening condition in Malaysia needs improvement In all aspects of flood management. Improvement on the governance of information and information related technology prevalent to flood could promote better planning and decision making in alleviating the problems arising from the disaster.This article seeks to propose a look into COBIT as an approach to address the issues related to flood management. The COBIT framework, which has been widely accepted and used in business enterprises, can be adapted to govern natural disaster management projects by having well-defined governance over processes, the required information and related information technology. A qualitative field study is employed in the identification of challenges of managing information and information related technology in flood management. The COBIT structure is used as a reference in identifying components necessary in a flood management governance framework. In doing so, a flood cycle is first established: process and activities involved in flood management are sequenced into phases which reflect a flood cycle. Then, goals for each of the phases in the lifecycle are set. A general structure comprising of roles and enablers to govern the cycle is then outlined. As a result, this paper proposed a high level governance framework which focused on the information and information-related technology whilst considering the collaborative environment in the effort of managing flood. An application of COBIT, it's principles and processes to govern flood management projects is discussed within the context of flood disaster in Malaysia

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease