MONITORAMENTO DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS NÃO VOADORES EM UMA ÁREA DE CERRADO NO CÓRREGO DO URUBU, BRASÍLIA-DF

O Núcleo Rural Córrego do Urubu está situado a 14 quilômetros da rodoviária do Plano Piloto, na unidade hidrográfica Santa Maria/Torto (bacia hidrográfica do lago Paranoá), inserida em duas importantes Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA), a do Planalto Central e a do Lago Paranoá. Essa região vem sofrendo forte pressão antrópica em especial pela especulação imobiliária. A concretização desse feito certamente influenciará na dinâmica populacional de pequenos mamíferos da área e assim a pesquisa se mostrou urgente e poderá fornecer informações relevantes de comparação pós distúrbio sobre a população de pequenos mamíferos do local. Com o objetivo de entender os padrões de dispersão, fluxo de populações e estimar a riqueza e biodiversidade na área, realizou-se o monitoramento de pequenos mamíferos não voadores na Estação Experimental de agroecologia Chácara Delfim T61, localizada no Núcleo Rural Córrego do Urubu. As campanhas foram realizadas de janeiro/2018 a agosto/2018, no início de cada mês, por cinco dias consecutivos, em duas fitofisionomias: cerrado típico e campo sujo. Na área de cerrado típico, que apresentou maior riqueza e abundância, foi disposta uma grade formada por 7 transectos lineares, com 12 pontos cada, distantes 10m um do outro, totalizando 84 pontos de captura. Na área de fitofisionomia campo sujo foi disposta uma grade formada por 6 transectos lineares, com 11 pontos cada, distantes 10m um do outro, o que equivale ao total de 66 pontos de captura. Para captura e contenção dos animais foram utilizadas armadilhas do tipo Sherman e Tomahawk (124 e 26, respectivamente), com iscas compostas por fubá, sardinha, banana e pasta de amendoim. Para todos os espécimes capturados, foram realizadas medições biométricas, através de fita métrica e pesola, e estes foram identificados quanto ao sexo e estágio de desenvolvimento. Por fim, os animais foram marcados com brincos numerados para identificação em caso de recaptura. Foi registrado um total de 47 indivíduos capturados com 36 recapturas estes dentre três espécies de roedores (Necromys lasiurus, Oligoryzomys e Cerradomys scotti) e duas de marsupiais (Didelphis albiventris e Gracilinanus agilis). Necromys lasiurus e Didelphis albiventris foram as espécies maior estimativa, com 69,41% e 20% do total de indivíduos, respectivamente, e juntas equivalem a 82,9% dos indivíduos capturados e 97,36% dos recapturados. Os resultados obtidos poderão ser utilizados para estudo e definição de projetos que certamente influenciarão na dinâmica populacional de pequenos mamíferos da áre

Avaliação do projeto “Criança Saudável – Educação Dez”: a visão de gestores e professores de escolas brasileiras de ensino fundamental

Trata-se de estudo relativo à avaliação do projeto “Criança Saudável – Educação Dez”, do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (Brasil), em termos de distribuição, conteúdo e efetiva utilização do material enviado às 140.000 escolas brasileiras de ensino fundamental. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 292 escolas de ensino fundamental abrangendo a totalidade dos estados brasileiros. Entrevistadores treinados se reuniram com 292 gestores e 1065 professores, e preencheram formulários contendo questões fechadas e abertas. Os dados foram digitados no software PrjEscola, desenvolvido em Visual Basic, e foram analisados estatisticamente. As questões abertas foram analisadas por meio do estabelecimento de categorias e respectivas freqüências. O estudo apontou que o material chegou a 90,7% das escolas, teve boa receptividade entre professores e alunos e foi efetivamente utilizado. Constatou-se ainda a necessidade de fazer adequações às características culturais regionais e focar os temas mais na promoção da saúde do que na prevenção de doenças

Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults.

BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. METHODS: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). FINDINGS: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. INTERPRETATION: The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe