Transparência, paz e sustentabilidade. Uma aproximação latino-americana

The present paper focuses on the relevance companies have for the development of environments striving for transparency, sustainability and peace, considering all their stakeholders, booth through internal actions as from the generation of intersectoral collaboration networks. By means of a theoretical reflection, the aim of this work is to propose organizations as strategic social actors in the construction of peace and sustainability for the region. Firstly, we deal with the role of organizations as transparent social entities, as well as sustainability and peace promoting agents. Then, a need for the participation of intersectoral bodies is identified, and examples of organizational programs are highlighted which aim at businesses’ transparency and participation in post-conflict situations. Due to globalization and interconnectivity, the world requires the participation of all social actors for the construction of a sustainable future. For this, new ways of thinking and acting to face peace and sustainability challenges are needed. Beyond that, the need for a change of a cultural nature is pointed out, one that facilitates a broad and transparent vision to build new collaboration scenariosEl presente artículo se enfoca en la relevancia que tienen las empresas para el desarrollo de entornos que procuren la transparencia, la sostenibilidad y la paz, considerando todos sus grupos de interés tanto por medio de acciones internas como a partir de la generación de redes de colaboración intersectorial. Por medio de una reflexión de carácter teórico se pretende plantear a las organizaciones como actores sociales estratégicos en la construcción de la paz y la sostenibilidad de la región. En un inicio se aborda el rol que desempeñan las organizaciones como entes sociales transparentes, al igual que agentes promotores de sostenibilidad y paz. Posteriormente se ve la necesidad de participación de organismos intersectoriales, así como se señalan ejemplos de programas organizacionales que tienen por objetivo la transparencia empresarial y la participación en situaciones de posconflicto. El mundo, por la globalización y la interconectividad, requiere de la participación de todos los actores sociales para la construcción de un futuro sostenible. Para ello se necesitan nuevas formas de pensar y actuar para enfrentar los retos de paz y sostenibilidad. Más allá, se señala la necesidad de un cambio de caráctercultural que facilite una visión amplia y transparente para construir nuevos escenarios de colaboración.O presente artigo se enfoca na relevância que tem as empresas para o desenvolvimento de entornos que procurem a transparência, a sustentabilidade e a paz, considerando todos seus grupos de interesse tanto por meio de ações internas como a partir da geração de redes de colaboração intersectorial. Por meio de uma reflexão de carácter teórico se pretende expor às organizações como atores sociais estratégicos na construção da paz e a sustentabilidade da região. Num início se aborda o papel que desempenham as organizações como entidades sociais transparentes, da mesma forma que agentes promotoresde sustentabilidade e paz. Posteriormente se vê a necessidade de participação de organismos intersectoriais, assim como se mostram exemplos de programas organizacionais que tem por objetivo a transparência empresarial e a participação em situações de pós-conflito. O mundo, pela globalização e a interconectividade, requere da participação de todos os atores sociais para a construção de um futuro sustentável. Para isso se necessitam novas formas de pensar e atuar para enfrentar os desafios de paz e sustentabilidade. Indo além, se mostra a necessidade de uma mudança de carácter cultural que facilite uma visão ampla e transparente para construir novos cenários de colaboração

Characterization of the sub-mesoscale energy cascade in the Alboran Sea thermocline from spectral analysis of high-resolution MCS data

Part of the kinetic energy that maintains ocean circulation cascades down to small scales until it is dissipated through mixing. While most steps of this downward energy cascade are well understood, an observational gap exists at horizontal scales of 103-101 m that prevents characterizing a key step in the chain: the transition from anisotropic internal wave motions to isotropic turbulence. Here we show that this observational gap can be covered using high-resolution multichannel seismic (HR-MCS) data. Spectral analysis of acoustic reflectors imaged in the Alboran Sea thermocline shows that this transition is likely caused by shear instabilities. In particular, we show that the averaged horizontal wavenumber spectra of the reflectors vertical displacements display three subranges that reproduce theoretical spectral slopes of internal waves [λx > 100 m], Kelvin-Helmholtz-type shear instabilities [100 m > λx > 33 m], and turbulence [λx < 33 m], indicating that the whole chain of events is occurring continuously and simultaneously in the surveyed area

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Protein Ingredients in Bread: Technological, Textural and Health Implications

The current lifestyle and trend for healthier foods has generated a growing consumer interest in acquiring bread products with a better nutritional composition, primarily products with high protein and fiber and low fat. Incorporating different protein sources as functional ingredients has improved the nutritional profile but may also affect the dough properties and final characteristics of bread. This review focuses on the incorporation of different animal, vegetable, and mixed protein sources, and the percentage of protein addition, analyzing nutritional changes and their impact on dough properties and different texture parameters, appearances, and their impact on bread flavor and health-related effects. Alternative processing technologies such as germination and sourdough-based technologies are discussed. Using fermented doughs can improve the nutritional composition and properties of the dough, impacting positively the texture, appearance, flavor, and aroma of bread. It is essential to innovate alternative protein sources in combination with technological strategies that allow better incorporation of these ingredients, not only to improve the nutritional profile but also to maintain the texture and enhance the sensory properties of the bread and consequently, increase the effects on consumer health

Impacto de la Experiencia de Compra Online en el Engagement Online del Consumidor del Sector Moda de la Ciudad de Aguascalientes

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general estudiar la relación entre la experiencia de compra online y el engagement online del consumidor del sector moda de la ciudad de Aguascalientes. Primero se presentan los aspectos más relevantes encontrados en la revisión de la literatura teórico-empírica. Y posteriormente se plantea, mediante el diseño de un modelo teórico, la posible relación directa y positiva entre las siguientes variables: experiencia de compra online y engagement online. El tipo de investigación que se realizó fue no experimental, de corte transversal y cuyo alcance fue correlacional-causal, lo que llevó a desarrollar un estudio empírico. La aplicación de un cuestionario a 440 jóvenes de 20 a 34 años de edad permitió obtener datos cuantitativos que fueron analizados con el software SPSS y modelizados a través de la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales para efectuar la contrastación de las hipótesis de investigación. Los resultados obtenidos establecieron una influencia directa y positiva de la experiencia de compra online sobre el engagement online. En otras palabras, la experiencia de compra online generada por los sitios web explica el engagement online de los consumidores del sector moda de la ciudad de Aguascalientes

Mercury chloride exposure induces DNA damage, reduces fertility, and alters somatic and germline cells in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries

International audienc

Nitazoxanide Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a low-grade inflammatory condition with abnormalities in the immune response mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages. Drug repositioning for immunomodulatory molecules is an attractive proposal for treating T2D. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad-spectrum drug with promising immunomodulatory effects. Thus, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of NTZ on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with T2D. Methods: Fifty patients with T2D were selected, and the proliferative response of T lymphocytes and the M1/M2 ratio of macrophages post cell culture were evaluated by flow cytometry, as well as measuring the concentration of cytokines by ELISA and the relative expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) related to the immune response by real-time PCR. Results: NTZ exerts an inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation of T lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies without modifying cell viability, and significant decreases in the supernatant concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12. Furthermore, NTZ negatively regulates the relative expression of miR-155-5p without changes in miR-146a-5p. The M1/M2 ratio of monocytes/macrophages decreased the M1 and increased the M2 subpopulation by NTZ. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NTZ exerts immunomodulatory effects on PBMCs from T2D patients, and shows potential alternative therapeutic benefits