In-House Databases for Literature : A Program System for Fast and Conveniend Literature-Search and -Handling

Es werden die modernen Möglichkeiten der Verwaltung und Verarbeitung von Literatur in in-house Datenbanken vorgestellt. Diese Datenbanken dienen zur Ergänzung von kommerziellen, und können eigene Literaturexzerpte, Vortragsabstracts, Manuskripte, Sonderdruckbibliotheken und Diasammlungen enthalten. Dadurch ist eine Kombination der Information gegeben, die einerseits weltweit durch die modernen Zugriffsmöglichkeiten auf kommerzielle Datenbanksysteme erhalten werden können und die andererseits im Hause vorhanden sind oder gesammelt werden sollen. Auf die Leistungsfähigkeit des Programmpaketes wird im Detail eingegangen. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die doppelte Strategie hingewiesen, nicht nur über Indexdateien einen schnellen Zugriff nach Autoren oder Schlagworten zu gestatten, wie dies üblicherweise der Fall ist, sondern auch durch semantische bzw. phonetische Suche tippfehlerbehafte Zitate auch über die Kombination von Suchbegriffen wiederzufinden.Modern possibilities of Organization and processing of literature in in-house data bases are discussed. These data bases complete the commercially available ones. They can be used to collect and organize own literature abstracts, reference lists, copies, and slides. Their use allows the combination of Information obtained by worldwide on-line research in commercial data bases and literature at home. The efficiency of the program System LITERA is discussed in detail. Special attention is directed to the double aspect used. Index files allow a very fast approach to author names and special key words as well as a semantic and phonetic search respectively. The later possibility gives the Chance to find even words, names or facts in case they are misspelled

Optical sensors. Do they require a computer?

Recently, optical sensors have obtained increasing interest in application and research. In principle , they are considered to detect selectively compounds in analyte mixtures by their specific activity of the chemicals or biochemicals in the sensor head. But, evidently this requirement cannot be fulfilled at the moment. For this reason, in addition to the use of microprocessors for the automatization of the sensor measurement, computers have to be used in the evaluation of data to increase selectivity by the use of sensor arrays and methods of multicomponentanalysis and pattern recognition, respectively. The necessity of computers in the physico-chemical characterization of the sensor material, in the process control, and in the data evaluation is demonstrated. Furthermore, some examples of sensors based on fiber optics and interferometric detection principles as well as wave guide applications are discussed

Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Keloids

Introduction: Keloids are the result of excessive scar tissue formation. Besides their poor aesthetic appearance, keloids can be associated with severe clinical symptoms such as pain, itching, and rigidity. Unfortunately, most therapeutic approaches remain clinically unsatisfactory. Recently, injections with botulinum toxin A (BTA) were proposed for the treatment of established keloids in a clinical trial. In this study, we aimed to verify the effects of intralesional BTA for the treatment of therapy-resistant keloids using objective measurements. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated using cultured keloid-derived fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: Four patients received BTA (doses varying from 70 to 140 Speywood units per session) injected directly into their keloids every 2 months for up to 6 months. Differences in height and volume were evaluated clinically and measured with a 3-D optical profiling system. Keloid-derived fibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of BTA, and expression of collagen (COL)1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, fibronectin-1, laminin-beta 2, and alpha-SMA was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. MTT and BrdU assays were used to analyze the effects of BTA on fibroblast proliferation and metabolism. Results: Intralesional administration of BTA did not result in regression of keloid tissue. No differences in expression of ECM markers, collagen synthesis, or TGF-beta could be observed after BTA treatment of keloid fibroblasts. In addition, cell proliferation and metabolism of keloid fibroblasts was not affected by BTA treatment. Conclusion: The suggested clinical efficiency of intralesional BTA for the therapy of existent keloids could not be confirmed in this study. Based on our data, the potential mechanisms of action of BTA on keloid-derived fibroblasts remain unclear. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base

Optical dignatures of dissolved organic matter transformation in the global ocean

© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Marine Science 2 (2016): 118, doi:10.3389/fmars.2015.00118.Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in terms of its composition and optical properties, with an eye toward ultimately understanding its deep ocean dynamics, is the currently active frontier in DOM research. We used UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy to characterize DOM in the open ocean along sections of the U.S. CO2/CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography Project located in all the major ocean basins outside the Arctic. Despite large differences in fluorescence intensity between ocean basins, some variability patterns were similar throughout the global ocean, suggesting similar processes controlling the composition of the DOM. We find that commercially available single channel CDOM sensors are sensitive to the fluorescence of humic materials in the deep ocean and thermocline but not to the UVA-fluorescing and absorbing materials that characterize freshly produced CDOM in surface waters, revealing fundamental diversity in the DOM profile. In surface waters, UVA fluorescence and absorption signatures indicate the presence of freshly produced material and the process of bleaching removal, but in the upper mesopelagic and in the main thermocline these optical signatures are replaced by those of humic materials, with distribution patterns correlated to apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and other signatures of remineralization. Empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF) of the EEM data suggests the presence of two (unidentified) processes which convert “fresh” DOM to humic materials: one located in the surface ocean (shallower than 500 m) and one located in the main thermocline. These inferred humification processes represent less than 5% of the overall variability in oceanic humic DOM fluorescence, which appears to be dominated by terrestrial input and solar bleaching of humic materials.This research was supported by grants from NASA (grants NAG5-13277 and NNX14AG24G) and NSF (OCE-0241614 and OCE-0648541) to NN and D. A. Siegel

Biosensor 2001 - a Retrospect and Foresight

This editorial gives a short retrospect of the BioSensor Symposium 2001 from the point of view of the organizing committee. The symposium was held from 1st to 3rd of April 2001 at the University of Tübingen. The conference is the only German-speaking forum of its kind and provides a unique setting for new research, trends, and perspectives to be shared with peers from both industrial and educational institutions. The new approach of publishing the conference proceedings electronically by the Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen is explained in detail and the possibilities resulting are discussed

Biosensors Paving the Way to Understanding the Interaction between Cadmium and the Estrogen Receptor Alpha

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal ubiquitously present in the environment and subsequently in the human diet. Cadmium has been proposed to disrupt the endocrine system, targeting in particular the estrogen signaling pathway already at environmentally relevant concentrations. Thus far, the reports on the binding affinity of cadmium towards human estrogen receptor alpha (hERα) have been contradicting, as have been the reports on the in vivo estrogenicity of cadmium. Hence, the mode of interaction between cadmium and the receptor remains unclear. Here, we investigated the interaction between cadmium and hERα on a molecular level by applying a novel, label-free biosensor technique based on reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). We studied the binding of cadmium to hERα, and the conformation of the receptor following cadmium treatment. Our data reveals that cadmium interacts with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the ERα and affects the conformation of the receptor. However, the binding event, as well as the induced conformation change, greatly depends on the accessibility of the cysteine tails in the LBD. As the LBD cysteine residues have been reported as targets of post-translational modifications in vivo, we present a hypothesis according to which different cellular pools of ERα respond to cadmium differently. Our proposed theory could help to explain some of the previously contradicting results regarding estrogen-like activity of cadmium

Cohesive Polydensified Matrix (R) hyaluronic acid volumizer injected for cheek augmentation has additional positive effect on nasolabial folds

Purpose: Cohesive Polydensified Matrix (R) hyaluronic acid (CPM-HA) volumizer has been used successfully for several years to reverse biometric volume loss during facial aging. This observational study explored the additive effect on nasolabial folds when CPM-HA volumizer is injected into the neighboring cheek area. Patients and methods: In this open-label, prospective, postmarketing noninterventional study, 18 adult patients seeking esthetic enhancement of the lateral cheek hollows and cheekbone area were injected with CPM-HA volumizer integrated with lidocaine (CPM-HA-VL) in the upper or lower cheek area. Safety and performance of CPM-HA-VL up to 12 months after injection with follow-up visits at week 4 and month 3, 6, and 12 were assessed. The primary endpoint was improvement of cheek fullness on the validated Merz Aesthetics Scales. Additionally, changes in nasolabial folds were quantified using a phaseshift rapid in vivo measurement of skin optical three-dimensional (3D) in vivo measurement device. Results: Patients (94.4% female, median age 52 years, age range 39-69 years) were injected with a mean volume of 2.5 +/- 1.1 mL CPM-HA-VL per side. Immediately after injection, mean severity for upper and lower cheek fullness assessed on the validated MAS improved from 2.5 +/- 0.6 and 2.8 +/- 0.5, respectively, to 1.0 +/- 0.0, and remained unchanged through month 12. Improvement in relation to baseline was attested on the Global Aesthetics Improvement Scale for all assessments. Compared with baseline, the following assessments offered a statistical significance in the reduction of wrinkle depth of nasolabial folds (maximum depth reduction by 30.4% at 3 months) according to optical 3D in vivo measurements. Pain during injection was minimal and abated within 30 minutes. Treatment was well tolerated and led to great patient satisfaction. Conclusion: CPM-HA-VL injected into the upper and lower cheeks led to long-lasting satisfactory cosmetic results in cheek augmentation as well as in reducing depth of nasolabial folds adjacent to the injection site

Histologische und funktionelle Charakterisierung von primären Keratinozytenkulturen aus dem Läsionsgebiet schwerstverbrannter Patienten

Einleitung:In der Vergangenheit wurden Keratinozyten lediglich als Träger des epidermalen Rahmengerüsts angesehen. Heute weiß man, dass die Keratinozyten eine Vielzahl biologisch bedeutsamer Moleküle sezernieren, mit denen sie bedarfsweise aktiv und wesentlich an vielen, insbesondere entzündlichen und immunologischen Reaktionen mitwirken. Daher sind Proliferation und Immunaktivierung bei Keratinozyten nicht prinzipiell gekoppelt. Seit 1981 werden kultivierte epitheliale Transplantate (KETs) zur Behandlung von Brandverletzten eingesetzt. Neben autologem Material, das erst spät verfügbar ist, erlangen kryokonservierte allogene Keratinozytentransplantate, vor allem bei Schwerbrandverletzten, immer mehr an Bedeutung. Allogene KETs beschleunigen die Heilung thermischer Wunden. Allerdings verbleiben sie nicht dauerhaft auf der Wunde, sondern werden schrittweise durch autologe Zellen ersetzt. Ihr Effekt könnte deshalb auf der Exprimierung von Zytokinen und Wachstumsfaktoren beruhen. Material und Methode:Das Ziel vorliegender Studie war, vergleichend die zelluläre Zusammensetzung allogener KETs aus Mammareduktionsmaterial mit autologen aus wundnah gewonnenem Material Schwerstverbrannter zu untersuchen. Ausserdem sollten funktionelle Veränderungen hinsichtlich des in vitro Sekretionsmusters ausgewählter Mediatoren nach 5-, 10- und 15-tägiger Kultur, sowie nach Kryokonservierung charakterisiert und mit dem klinischen Verlauf korreliert werden. Die Erhebung der immunhistologischen Befunde erfolgte an gefärbten Zytospins nach HE- bzw. ABC-Methode. Zytokine und Wachstumsfaktoren in den Überständen der Keratinozytenkulturen wurden mit Bioplex Immunoassays quantifiziert. Die beiden Untersuchungskollektive stellten 17 Verbrennungspatienten mit > 25% TBSA, Grad II und/oder III und 17 zufällig ausgewählten Patientinnen, die sich einer Brustverkleinerung unterzogen. Resultate: Eine exemplarisch durchgeführte Histologie allogener KETs aus Mammareduktionsmaterial zeigte morphologisch heterogene Keratinozyten mit einem deutlich erhöhten Anteil terminal differenzierter suprabasaler Zellen, verglichen mit autologen aus Patientenmaterial (CK 10, 11 positiv). In den autologen Transplantaten waren gegenüber den allogenen vermehrt teilungsaktive Basalzellen nachweisbar (CK 5, Vimentin positiv). Leukozyten, Makrophagen, Dendritische Zellen, Endothelzellen und Fibroblasten konnten in autologen und allogenen KETs nicht nachgewiesen werden. IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-g und TNF-a waren in den allogenen und autologen KET-Überständen nicht oder lediglich in Spuren nachweisbar. IL-1RA konnte in den Kulturen beider Gruppen in hohen Konzentrationen nachgewiesen werden. Die Sekretionsleistung von IL-6 und GM-CSF (Proliferationsschub der Keratinozyten, Chemotaxin) nach Verbrennungstrauma war während der ersten 15 Kultivierungstage gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe signifikant erhöht. Insbesondere die Gruppe der verstorbenen Patienten zeigte deutlich höhere Konzentrationen dieser Mediatoren in den Kulturüberständen während der ersten 15 Kulturtage im Vergleich zur Gruppe der überlebenden Patienten. VEGF, FGF-basic, TGF-ß und G-CSF zeigten in ihrem Sekretionsverhalten nur vergleichsweise minimale Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Kollektiven. Die Kryokonservierung führte zu einer verminderten Mediatorensynthese, mit Ausnahme signifikant erhöhter Konzentrationen der intrazellulär gespeicherten Mediatoren IL-1a und IL-1ß in der 24-stündigen Kultur nach dem Auftauen. Sie sind offensichtlich das Ergebnis physikalischer Freisetzung durch Zelldestruktion. Diskussion: Schweres Verbrennungstrauma führt zu einer erhöhten Teilungsaktivität von wundnahen epidermalen Basalzellen mit konsekutiv gesteigerter Mediatorenfreisetzung. Insbesondere die signifikant erhöhte in vitro Freisetzung des potenten Mitogens und proinflammatorischen Zytokins Interleukin-6 aus Keratinozyten nach schwerer Verbrennungsverletzung, verglichen mit solchen aus Mammareduktionsmaterial, ist ein deutlicher Hinweis, sowohl auf das entzündliche Geschehen, als auch auf die erhöhte Aktivität der thermisch beeinträchtigten Epithelzellen mit auto- und parakrinen Wirkungen

Integrated optical directional coupler biosensor

We present measurements on biomolecular binding reactions, using a new type of integrated optical biosensor based on a planar directional coupler structure. The device is fabricated by Ag+-Na+ ion-exchange in glass and definition of the sensing region is achieved by use of transparent fluoropolymer isolation layers formed by thermal evaporation. The suitability of the sensor for application to the detection of environmental pollutants is considered

Interactive Remote Collaboration Using Augmented Reality

With the widespread deployment of fast data connections and availability of a variety of sensors for different modalities, the potential of remote collaboration has greatly increased. While the now ubiquitous video conferencing applications take advantage of some of these capabilities, the use of video between remote users is limited to passively watching disjoint video feeds and provides no means for interaction with the remote environment. However, collaboration often involves sharing, exploring, referencing, or even manipulating the physical world, and thus tools should provide support for these interactions.We suggest that augmented reality is an intuitive and user-friendly paradigm to communicate information about the physical environment, and that integration of computer vision and augmented reality facilitates more immersive and more direct interaction with the remote environment than what is possible with today's tools.In this dissertation, we present contributions to realizing this vision on several levels. First, we describe a conceptual framework for unobtrusive mobile video-mediated communication in which the remote user can explore the live scene independent of the local user's current camera movement, and can communicate information by creating spatial annotations that are immediately visible to the local user in augmented reality. Second, we describe the design and implementation of several, increasingly more flexible and immersive user interfaces and system prototypes that implement this concept. Our systems do not require any preparation or instrumentation of the environment; instead, the physical scene is tracked and modeled incrementally using monocular computer vision. The emerging model then supports anchoring of annotations, virtual navigation, and synthesis of novel views of the scene. Third, we describe the design, execution and analysis of three user studies comparing our prototype implementations with more conventional interfaces and/or evaluating specific design elements. Study participants overwhelmingly preferred our technology, and their task performance was significantly better compared with a video-only interface, though no task performance difference was observed compared with a ``static marker'' interface. Last, we address a particular technical limitation of current monocular tracking and mapping systems which was found to be impeding and present a conceptual solution; namely, we describe a concept and proof-of-concept implementation for automatic model selection which allows tracking and modeling to cope with both parallax-inducing and rotation-only camera movements.We suggest that our results demonstrate the maturity and usability of our systems, and, more importantly, the potential of our approach to improve video-mediated communication and broaden its applicability