The Prevalence of Dental Caries in a Central Coast of California Middle School

Dental morbidity is a chronic problem that affects a child\u27s ability to attend school, to learn, and to enjoy good health. Of all childhood diseases, oral disease ranks as one of the highest and is considered one of the most common and the least treated. The prevalence of dental caries is high among children and adolescents in school populations. This study explored the prevalence of dental caries in a California Central Coast middle school during the 2002-03 school year (N=526). Findings indicated that severe dental caries existed in both boys and girls and in students of various ethnic groups. Approximately 5.7% of adolescents were shown to have visible and severe dental caries with significant ethnic variation. Twice as many Hispanic teens had visible dental caries as the white and other non-white teens. School nurses should routinely screen for dental disease in all school grades and provide resources and referrals for dental treatment

Incentives-Based Mechanism for Efficient Demand Response Programs

In this work we investigate the inefficiency of the electricity system with strategic agents. Specifically, we prove that without a proper control the total demand of an inefficient system is at most twice the total demand of the optimal outcome. We propose an incentives scheme that promotes optimal outcomes in the inefficient electricity market. The economic incentives can be seen as an indirect revelation mechanism that allocates resources using a one-dimensional message space per resource to be allocated. The mechanism does not request private information from users and is valid for any concave customer's valuation function. We propose a distributed implementation of the mechanism using population games and evaluate the performance of four popular dynamics methods in terms of the cost to implement the mechanism. We find that the achievement of efficiency in strategic environments might be achieved at a cost, which is dependent on both the users' preferences and the dynamic evolution of the system. Some simulation results illustrate the ideas presented throughout the paper.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures, submitted to journa

Control de acceso con verificación de identidad por medio de código de barras

Ingeniero (a) ElectrónicoPregrad

Medios semióticos de objetivación en estudiantes de sexto grado cuando resuelven tareas de tipo multiplicativo

Se presentan los hallazgos iniciales de un estudio de investigación a nivel de maestría en el cual se estudian los medios semióticos de objetivación movilizados por estudiantes colombianos de sexto grado de educación básica cuando resuelven tareas de tipo multiplicativo, analizados desde una perspectiva semiótico cultural y desde el análisis multimodal de la actividad matemática; a su vez se desea socializar la hipótesis de investigación que considera que los constructos de la teoría cultural de la objetivación pueden emplearse en distintos contexto de la enseñanza de las matemáticas. Dentro de los hallazgos de este trabajo, que se encuentra en una etapa inicial de pilotaje, se cuenta con algunas evidencias de la existencia de medios semióticos de objetivación que permiten ampliar la semiótica de lo multiplicativo y comprender las formas de reflexión de los estudiantes frente al objeto cultural de la multiplicación

Expression of HA1 fragment of H1N1 swine influenza viral protein, hemagglutinin, on the surface of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using pYD5 shuttle vector

Influenza viruses are enveloped viruses with segmented RNA genome surrounded by a helical symmetry shell. Due to genetic reassortment between avian, swine, and human influenza viruses, a global pandemic may emerge, calling for new methods of mass vaccine production. Yeast is an ideal organism to express viral antigens (e.g. hemagglutinin) because of its natural adjuvant activity, making the expressed proteins more immunogenic when administered to the human body [1,2]. In addition to the purpose of vaccination, yeast is economically convenient by expressing proteins in a fast, inexpensive manner [3,4]. In this study, the goal is to express the HA1 fragment of the hemagglutinin protein from swine influenza (H1N1) virus [A/Cali/4/09] on the surface of yeast stain S. cerevisiae using a reconstructed shuttle vector, pYD5. Development of recombinant yeast cells consisted of ligating genetic sequence of HA1 into pYD5, transforming into E.coli cells, and electroporating DNA plasmids into EBY100 S. cerevisiae cells. Primary antibody for the flu strain was used in conjunction with a fluorescing secondary antibody, allowing visual analysis under a microscope. In result, surface expression of HA1 fragment was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. This study represents the first steps in the generation of yeast-based vaccines for the protection of influenza viruses