The Role of Decoration Magazines in the Art Education

AbstractThis notification aims to find out what kind of effects furniture and decoration magazines have on the art education. It is possible to mention about two different points of view regarding this subject. The first one argues that products, which take place in these magazines, are results of a design process; they aim to develop creativity of readers besides providing their artistic and aesthetical developments; and thus, they can be useful in the art education. The second one emphasizes that these magazines are products of the popular culture; they serve to the expansion of the popular culture; and thus, they cannot contribute to the art education. Visual arts education aims to enable persons to express their emotions, opinions and observations; and to increase their skills and creativities to an aesthetical level. It is an education activity which teaches persons how to canalize their excitements. The art education is not just/only limited to the visual arts given at schools, and it is required to last for the whole life

The Ottomans and the Crimean War: 1853-1856 /

This dissertation is about the role of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War of 1853-1856 and the impact of the war on Ottoman state and society. The study is based mainly on archival material from the Ottoman archives in Istanbul. Chapter 1 reviews the existing literature on the subject in various languages with a more detailed coverage of the Ottoman/Turkish and Russian sources. Chapter 2 analyzes the diplomatic, economic and political origins of the war as well as the European and Ottoman public opinion before the war. Chapter 3 is about the battles of the war and diplomatic negotiations during the war, from the point of view of the Ottoman involvement in these battles. This chapter dwells on the Ottoman war effort and military practices. Chapter 4 is on the finances of the war. It attempts to assess the war expenses of the Ottoman Empire and how they were met, including the story of the first two Ottoman foreign loans as well. Chapter 5 is on the social impact of the war on the Ottoman state and society. This chapter includes subsections on the status of women, the Reform Edict of 1856 and the question of Muslim and Non-Muslim equality, slavery and the Black Sea slave trade, municipal affairs in Istanbul, law and order in the provinces, desertions and the ba§ibozuk troops as a source of disorder, Ottoman public opinion and patriotism. Finally this dissertation argues that the Crimean War had an important role in Ottoman modernization

Self-organized soft-hard interfaces: From surfaces to biologically integrated hybrid materials

The biological material systems promise the possibility of developing innovative materials that simultaneously self-assembled, self-organized and self-regulated; characteristics that are difficult to achieve in purely synthetic systems. Proteins play an essential role in fabrication of biological materials due to their diverse functions ranging from structural to biochemical. The ability to mimic any of these functions can be a game changer in designing new biomaterials. There are several challenges in these strategies including replicating the hierarchical organization of biological materials, organization that provides multi-scale structure/property interdependence. The interfacial interactions become critical in tuning the individual components towards the functional needs. There is a need for strategies that can control self-organization at a molecular level and thus provide predictability over the biological and inorganic interfaces. In the recent years, there has been a proliferating interest in creating advanced bio-interfaces resolving protein modulated material surfaces that allow as well as enhance favorable interactions with the surrounding biological systems. Smaller protein domains, i.e. peptides, have been utilized as the key fundamental building blocks to mimic the molecular recognition as the basis of molecular scale interactions. Our approach includes decoding the peptide-material interactions, and using these foundations to develop self-organized and multifunctional hybrid systems. Following Nature’s molecular footsteps, we explore tuning molecular interactions at bio-interfaces to create integrated bio-hybrid systems. In this presentation, we summarize our approach, which includes decoding the peptide-material interactions, and using these foundations to have better control specifically at the soft-hard interfaces. We will first describe our chimeric peptide-based approach for titanium and titanium alloys used for skeletal implants. These self-assembling binding motifs in combination with other small bioactive peptide molecules enable us to introduce additional functions encoded within the combined molecule. The resulting chimeric molecule maintains both functions, controlling their surface organization at the implantable material interface while also retaining the desired orientation to present a bioactive signal to the cells to direct their behavior. Our examples will include: i) to utilize antimicrobial peptides in controlling bacteria-surface interactions at the interfaces to prevent biofilm formation and consequent implications such as implant failure due to bacterial infections [1], ii) to direct cell-to-implant interactions by chimeric peptides that are displayed at the material interfaces to achieve guided stem cell differentiation [2]. We will finally describe our fusion protein based approach where engineered peptide tags and nanoparticle based systems are used to generate self-organized biologically integrated hybrid materials. Here we demonstrate modularity of our approach in designing polymer nanofibers integrated with nanoparticles assembled with engineered peptides that are genetically conjugated to photoactive biomarker proteins [3].The selected bio-hybrid composites will be presented in three different categories, their ability for bio-sensing, antimicrobial property and producing integrated mineralized interfaces. The integration of biological building blocks may allow harnessing the extraordinary diversity and protein functions to generate smart bio-hybrid materials for wide range of applications including sensing and tissue engineering applications

The Waste Problem of Antimicrobial Finishing

Growing awareness of health and hygiene has increased the demand for bioactive or antimicrobial textiles. As a result the global market of antimicrobial textile products has been growing day by day. Antimicrobial finishing protects the wearer from microorganisms for aesthetic, hygiene, or medical reasons and protects the textile from biodeterioration caused by mold, mildew, and fungi. Antimicrobial textile products have crucial functions such as ensuring hygienic conditions and preventing spread of diseases especially crowded places like hospitals, baby nurseries, and barracks. However the antimicrobial agents used in antimicrobial finishing have adverse effects (toxic, allergic, and carcinogenic) on wearer and all the living organisms during the antimicrobial textile product’s production and serving life. The effects of finish content released in waste water bath and the release of finish content to surrounding skin of user and its contact/inhalation/consumption by other living species require studies. The contamination substances in the sludge may be consumed by the cultivated plants, eventually becoming component in feed and food. Contamination is also possible in water and soil organisms. The chapter is about the waste problem of the antimicrobial finishing (especially metal-based antimicrobial finishing and triclosan-based antimicrobial finishing)