Las organizaciones en la adopción de estándares en el subsector hortícola del noroeste de México

The adoption of grades and standards in export markets has become widespread. Has been not defined the role of the organizations in the adoption of standards and there is not clarity of the contribution of the organizations to complete the process. The objective of this work was to identify the role of different actors in the processes of implementation and adoption of standards in horticultural producers in the northwestern region of Mexico. With the field information through an econometric estimate, a Logit model was developed that allows determining the contribution of organizations in the process of adopting standards. The work concludes that the trading houses make the biggest contribution to the adoption process with training, technical assistance and inputs financing. Producer organizations are committed in a particularly important representation in the negotiations and finally the public institutions are contributing to a lesser way with the adoption processLa adopción de grados y estándares en los mercados de exportación se ha convertido en una práctica generalizada. No se tiene definido el rol de las organizaciones en la adopción de estándares como tampoco hay claridad de la contribución de las organizaciones, para contribuir a que el proceso sea completo. El trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar el rol de los diferentes actores en los procesos de implementación y adopción de estándares en los productores hortícolas de la región noroeste de México. Con la información de campo, mediante una estimación econométrica se formuló un modelo Logit que permite determinar la contribución de las organizaciones en el proceso de adopción de estándares. El trabajo permite concluir que las casas comerciales hacen la mayor contribución al proceso de adopción con actividades de capacitación, asistencia técnica y financiación de insumos. Las organizaciones de productores ejercen una actividad importante especialmente en la representatividad en las negociaciones y por último las instituciones públicas son las que contribuyen en menor forma con el proceso de adopción

A comparison of Clinical Risk Index for babies (CRIB-II), Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP-II) and SNAPPE-II in predicting parenteral nutrition necessity in low birth weight preterm neonates.

Advances in perinatal care have made it possible to improve survival of low birth weight neonates. Clinical risk index for babies (CRIB-II), score for neonatal acute physiology (SNAP-II), and SNAP-perinatal extension-II (SNAPPE-II) have been used as mortality predictors for preterm infants. Feeding intolerance is very frequent in preterm neonates, and the development of an early effective biomarker for its prediction could be useful for carrying out a proper feeding strategy. Our aim was to compare the ability of CRIB-II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II in predict the feeding intolerance and parenteral nutrition necessity in preterm neonates. Methods: A retrospective cohort study on preterm neonates’ born at Jaen Hospital Complex with low birth weight and ≤ 36 weeks of gestation was done. Epidemiological, clinical and clinical scores CRIB II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II were recorded. Results: 255 low birth weight preterm neonates, 131 males (51.4%), aged ≤32 weeks of gestation (71%), were enrolled at our hospital. Parenteral nutrition needed were significantly higher in preterm neonates weighed 2500-1500 g (73.3%) and ≤ 1000g (87%). CRIB-II, SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II mean values were higher in neonates group subjected to parenteral nutrition compared with oral nutrition (p<0.05). CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II scores significantly correlated with parenteral nutrition days (p<0.05). Overall mortality rate was 11%. The 78.6% of all deceased infants needed parenteral nutrition. Conclusion: Clinical Risk Index for babies (CRIB-II) better than SNAPPE-II correlated with the feeding intolerance and thus the parenteral nutrition days in preterm neonates with low birth weight.Subvencionado: Ayuda del Plan Propio de Investigación de la UMA. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Investigación participativa a través de modelos integrados de producción: un estudio de caso en yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Small farmers participation in research processes associated with agricultural production systems has been a task difficult to achieve. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to link small cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) producers to the research processes in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Therefore, field tests were experimented in which a participatory research method was used through integrated production models. The methodology included, among others, an analysis of current land use, identification, and prioritization of technological constraints, selection of alternative solutions with which integrated production models were collectively built, and subsequently applied in the field and technically and economically evaluated. Based on the above methodology, effective participation and integration between farmers, local actors, and researchers was achieved, resulting in the selection of models that integrated local farmers knowledge with technologies from research processes to solve the main technical constraints that affect cassava production in the Caribbean region. It was concluded that this participatory research methodology could be an alternative to improve the levels of adoption, impact, and incorporation of technologies to the production systems associated with small farmers.La participación de los pequeños productores en procesos de investigación asociados a los sistemas productivos agrícolas ha sido difícil de lograr. Por eso, el objeto de la presente investigación fue lograr la vinculación de pequeños productores de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) a procesos de investigación en la región Caribe de Colombia. Para esto, se implementaron ensayos de campo en los que se empleó un método de investigación participativa a través de modelos integrados de producción. La metodología utilizada incluyó, entre otros, un análisis del uso actual del suelo, la identificación y priorizaron de las limitantes tecnológicas, la selección de ofertas tecnológicas que permitieron la construcción colectiva de modelos integrados de producción, que fueron posteriormente aplicados en campo y evaluados técnica y económicamente. Con base en la anterior metodología se consiguió la participación efectiva y el intercambio de conocimientos entre agricultores, actores locales e investigadores, lo que dio como resultado la selección por preferencia de modelos productivos que integraron tecnologías del conocimiento de los productores con tecnologías provenientes de procesos de investigación para la solución de las principales limitantes tecnológicas que afectan la producción de yuca en la región Caribe. Se concluyó que esta metodología de investigación participativa podría ser una alternativa para mejorar los niveles de adopción, impacto e incorporación de las tecnologías a los sistemas productivos asociados a pequeños productores

Road‐risk: metodología para la identificación de puntos conflictivos por riesgos múltiples en infraestructuras viarias tras episodios torrenciales

La comunicación recoge los contenidos de una metodología aplicada que permite cartografiar aquellos puntos en el recorrido de una infraestructura viaria que pueden quedar bloqueados por riesgos múltiples de funcionamiento simultáneo, tras unos episodios de precipitaciones de alta intensidad. Se incorporan dos modelos predictivos para identificar los puntos con riesgo de movimientos en masa, descalzamiento del firme y/o encharcamiento y generación de balsas. Se ha diseñado igualmente una aplicación informática que permite aplicar los criterios de predicción obtenidos y cartografiar de forma automatizada los puntos conflictivos en infraestructuras distintas a las utilizadas como área de estudio.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Comparison of seven prognostic tools to identify low-risk pulmonary embolism in patients aged <50 years

publishersversionPeer reviewe

The commissioning of the CUORE experiment: the mini-tower run

CUORE is a ton-scale experiment approaching the data taking phase in Gran Sasso National Laboratory. Its primary goal is to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay in 130Te using 988 crystals of tellurim dioxide. The crystals are operated as bolometers at about 10 mK taking advantage of one of the largest dilution cryostat ever built. Concluded in March 2016, the cryostat commissioning consisted in a sequence of cool down runs each one integrating new parts of the apparatus. The last run was performed with the fully configured cryostat and the thermal load at 4 K reached the impressive mass of about 14 tons. During that run the base temperature of 6.3 mK was reached and maintained for more than 70 days. An array of 8 crystals, called mini-tower, was used to check bolometers operation, readout electronics and DAQ. Results will be presented in terms of cooling power, electronic noise, energy resolution and preliminary background measurements

Results from the Cuore Experiment

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first bolometric experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay that has been able to reach the 1-ton scale. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals arranged in a cylindrical compact structure of 19 towers, each of them made of 52 crystals. The construction of the experiment was completed in August 2016 and the data taking started in spring 2017 after a period of commissioning and tests. In this work we present the neutrinoless double beta decay results of CUORE from examining a total TeO2 exposure of 86.3kg yr, characterized by an effective energy resolution of 7.7 keV FWHM and a background in the region of interest of 0.014 counts/ (keV kg yr). In this physics run, CUORE placed a lower limit on the decay half- life of neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te > 1.3.1025 yr (90% C. L.). Moreover, an analysis of the background of the experiment is presented as well as the measurement of the 130Te 2vo3p decay with a resulting half- life of T2 2. [7.9 :- 0.1 (stat.) :- 0.2 (syst.)] x 10(20) yr which is the most precise measurement of the half- life and compatible with previous results

ECMO for COVID-19 patients in Europe and Israel

Since March 15th, 2020, 177 centres from Europe and Israel have joined the study, routinely reporting on the ECMO support they provide to COVID-19 patients. The mean annual number of cases treated with ECMO in the participating centres before the pandemic (2019) was 55. The number of COVID-19 patients has increased rapidly each week reaching 1531 treated patients as of September 14th. The greatest number of cases has been reported from France (n = 385), UK (n = 193), Germany (n = 176), Spain (n = 166), and Italy (n = 136) .The mean age of treated patients was 52.6 years (range 16–80), 79% were male. The ECMO configuration used was VV in 91% of cases, VA in 5% and other in 4%. The mean PaO2 before ECMO implantation was 65 mmHg. The mean duration of ECMO support thus far has been 18 days and the mean ICU length of stay of these patients was 33 days. As of the 14th September, overall 841 patients have been weaned from ECMO support, 601 died during ECMO support, 71 died after withdrawal of ECMO, 79 are still receiving ECMO support and for 10 patients status n.a. . Our preliminary data suggest that patients placed on ECMO with severe refractory respiratory or cardiac failure secondary to COVID-19 have a reasonable (55%) chance of survival. Further extensive data analysis is expected to provide invaluable information on the demographics, severity of illness, indications and different ECMO management strategies in these patients

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks