42 research outputs found
Tawa Inti Qocha, símbolo de la cosmología andina:concepcion q'ero del espacio
The article does not present a summary.El artículo no presenta resume
Measuring the escape velocity and mass profiles of galaxy clusters beyond their virial radius
The caustic technique uses galaxy redshifts alone to measure the escape
velocity and mass profiles of galaxy clusters to clustrocentric distances well
beyond the virial radius, where dynamical equilibrium does not necessarily
hold. We provide a detailed description of this technique and analyse its
possible systematic errors. We apply the caustic technique to clusters with
mass M_200>=10^{14}h^{-1} M_sun extracted from a cosmological hydrodynamic
simulation of a LambdaCDM universe. With a few tens of redshifts per squared
comoving megaparsec within the cluster, the caustic technique, on average,
recovers the profile of the escape velocity from the cluster with better than
10 percent accuracy up to r~4 r_200. The caustic technique also recovers the
mass profile with better than 10 percent accuracy in the range (0.6-4) r_200,
but it overestimates the mass up to 70 percent at smaller radii. This
overestimate is a consequence of neglecting the radial dependence of the
filling function F_beta(r). The 1-sigma uncertainty on individual escape
velocity profiles increases from ~20 to ~50 percent when the radius increases
from r~0.1 r_200 to ~4 r_200. Individual mass profiles have 1-sigma uncertainty
between 40 and 80 percent within the radial range (0.6-4) r_200. We show that
the amplitude of these uncertainties is completely due to the assumption of
spherical symmetry, which is difficult to drop. Alternatively, we can apply the
technique to synthetic clusters obtained by stacking individual clusters: in
this case, the 1-sigma uncertainty on the escape velocity profile is smaller
than 20 percent out to 4 r_200. The caustic technique thus provides reliable
average profiles which extend to regions difficult or impossible to probe with
other techniques.Comment: MNRAS accepted, 20 page
Comparing Notes: Recording and Criticism
This chapter charts the ways in which recording has changed the nature of music criticism. It both provides an overview of the history of recording and music criticism, from the advent of Edison’s Phonograph to the present day, and examines the issues arising from this new technology and the consequent transformation of critical thought and practice
The 6dF Galaxy Survey: peculiar velocity field and cosmography
We derive peculiar velocities for the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) and describe
the velocity field of the nearby () southern hemisphere. The survey
comprises 8885 galaxies for which we have previously reported Fundamental Plane
data. We obtain peculiar velocity probability distributions for the redshift
space positions of each of these galaxies using a Bayesian approach. Accounting
for selection bias, we find that the logarithmic distance uncertainty is 0.11
dex, corresponding to in linear distance. We use adaptive kernel
smoothing to map the observed 6dFGS velocity field out to
\kms, and compare this to the predicted velocity fields from the PSCz Survey
and the 2MASS Redshift Survey. We find a better fit to the PSCz prediction,
although the reduced for the whole sample is approximately unity for
both comparisons. This means that, within the observational uncertainties due
to redshift independent distance errors, observed galaxy velocities and those
predicted by the linear approximation from the density field agree. However, we
find peculiar velocities that are systematically more positive than model
predictions in the direction of the Shapley and Vela superclusters, and
systematically more negative than model predictions in the direction of the
Pisces-Cetus Supercluster, suggesting contributions from volumes not covered by
the models.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Table 1 is
available in its entirety as an ancillary file. Fully interactive 3D versions
of Figures 11 and 12 are also available as ancillary files. A version of this
paper with the 3D versions of Figs. 11 and 12 embedded within the pdf can
also be accessed from http://www.6dfgs.net/vfield/veldata.pd
Investigating the cell biological mechanisms regulated by the cellular prion protein
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are rare, uniformly fatal
neurodegenerative disorders that can affect many mammalian species, including
humans. A hallmark of these diseases is the conversion of cellular prion protein
(PrPC) into an abnormally folded form. This misfolded PrPC is infectious, since it can
provide a template for pathogenic conversion of PrPC in a new host. In addition to
any toxicity of the misfolded protein, loss of normal PrPC function could be involved
in the neurodegenerative processes. However, the physiological role of PrPC is still
poorly understood and this project has aimed to address that lack of knowledge. Out
of the many putative functions ascribed to PrPC, the most commonly proposed is that
it protects cells from stress. In contrast, I have found that stable transfection of the
prion protein gene into SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells increases cell death in
response to serum removal from the culture medium. Following treatment with
several chemical toxins, two out of four stably transfected clones did, generally,
display greater viability than untransfected cells that do not express detectable levels
of PrPC. However, knockdown of PrPC expression by RNA interference had no effect
on this stress resistance, indicating that it may not have been mediated directly by
PrPC. Given the lack of robust stress protection afforded by PrPC transfection,
proteomic analyses of the cells were carried out to identify alternative processes that
were perturbed as a result of PrPC expression. The results obtained suggested roles
for PrPC in cytoskeletal organisation and cell cycle regulation. Various proteins
involved in cytoskeletal organisation were confirmed by western blotting to be
differentially expressed in some or all of the stably transfected clones. Additionally,
the expression changes to proteins involved in cell cycle regulation resulted in slower
proliferation of the clones compared with untransfected cells, a difference that was
reduced following RNA interference-mediated knockdown of PrPC. Taken together,
these data suggested that specific growth factor-activated pathways were
differentially regulated in the stably transfected clones. One candidate pathway was
nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling, which promotes neuronal survival and
differentiation as well as regulating various processes outside of the nervous system.
PrPC-transfection resulted in altered expression of receptors for NGF, suggesting that
the stably transfected clones were, indeed, responding differently to NGF
stimulation. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for these expression
changes remains to be determined, since co-immunoprecipitation experiments did
not identify any physical interactions between PrPC and the NGF receptors.
Nonetheless, a role for PrPC in modulating NGF signalling has the potential to
explain many of the diverse phenotypic observations in PrPC-null mice and might
indicate that loss of PrPC function is an important part of TSE pathogenesis
Wider Still and Wider: British Music Criticism since the Second World War
This chapter provides the first historical examination of music criticism in Britain since the Second World War. In the process, it also challenges the simplistic prevailing view of this being a period of decline from a golden age in music criticism
Tawa Inti Qocha, símbolo de la cosmología andina:concepcion q'ero del espacio
The article does not present a summary.El artículo no presenta resume