What (others think) your favorite color tells about your personality: An interpersonal circumplex analysis

So far, psychological research has found little evidence for a relationship between personality and color preference. In folk psychology, however, it is a widely held belief that a person's color preferences may give insights into his or her personality as, for example, is demonstrated by the popularity of the famous-infamous Lüscher Test. Using Wiggins's interpersonal circumplex as a nomological net (Gurtman, 1992; Wiggins & Broughton, 1991), two studies are presented investigating assumptions about interpersonal characteristics that people make when given information about a person's favorite color

Worry and social desirability: Opposite relationships for socio-political and social-evaluation worries

The present article investigates the relationship between social desirability and worry. In particular, it addresses the question of whether socio-political worries (i.e. worries about societal or environmental problems) show a different relationship with social desirability than worries related to one's social-evaluative self-concept (i.e. worries about one's own relationships, future, work, or finances). A sample of 155 students responded to self-report questionnaires on worry and social desirability, first under standard instructions and then under social desirability-provoking instructions (imaginary job-application instructions). As expected, results showed opposite relationships for socio-political and social-evaluation worries. First, socio-political worries showed positive correlations with scores from the social desirability questionnaire, whereas social-evaluation worries showed negative correlations. Second, endorsements of socio-political worries increased under social desirability-provoking instructions, whereas those of social-evaluation worries decreased. However, all correlations between self-reported worry and social-desirability scores were rather small. Moreover, in absolute terms, socio-political worries did not show any greater social-desirability bias than social-evaluation worries. Implications for self-report measures of socio-political worries (e.g. environmental worry, worry about technological risks) and directions for future research are discussed

Worrying Leads to Reduced Concreteness of Problem Elaborations: Evidence for the Avoidance Theory of Worry

Both lay concept and scientific theory have embraced the view that nonpathological worry may be helpful for defining and analyzing problems. To evaluate the quality of problem elaborations, concreteness is a key variable. Two studies with nonclinical student samples are presented in which participants elaborated topics associated with different degrees of worry. In Study 1, participants' elaborations were assessed using problem elaboration charts; in Study 2, they were assessed using catastrophizing interviews. When participants' problem elaborations were rated for concreteness, both studies showed an inverse relationship between degree of worry and concreteness: The more participants worried about a given topic the less concrete was the content of their elaboration. The results challenge the view that worry may promote better problem analyses. Instead they conform to the view that worry is a cognitive avoidance response

Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression

This study investigates features that differentiate worry from somatic anxiety and depression. Theoretical models of the worry process suggest that worry is closely related to procrastination. In addition, research on worry and elevated evidence requirements proposes a relationship between worry and perfectionism. Perfectionism, however, is multidimensional in nature. Moreover, previous research has linked procrastination and perfectionism mainly to anxiety and depression. Therefore, the relationship among worry, procrastination, and dimensions of perfectionism was investigated irt a sample of 180 students, controlling for anxiety and depression. Results show that worry had substantial correlations with procrastination and perfectionism, particularly with perfectionist concern over mistakes and doubts. Moreover, worry was related to parental criticism and expectations, but unrelated to excessively high personal standards. instead high-worriers reported to lower standards under stress. Partial correlations indicated that these correlations were specific for amount of worry, thus differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression

Simplified Pair Copula Constructions --- Limits and Extensions

So called pair copula constructions (PCCs), specifying multivariate distributions only in terms of bivariate building blocks (pair copulas), constitute a flexible class of dependence models. To keep them tractable for inference and model selection, the simplifying assumption that copulas of conditional distributions do not depend on the values of the variables which they are conditioned on is popular. In this paper, we show for which classes of distributions such a simplification is applicable, significantly extending the discussion of Hob{\ae}k Haff et al. (2010). In particular, we show that the only Archimedean copula in dimension d \geq 4 which is of the simplified type is that based on the gamma Laplace transform or its extension, while the Student-t copula is the only one arising from a scale mixture of Normals. Further, we illustrate how PCCs can be adapted for situations where conditional copulas depend on values which are conditioned on

Weekly assessment of worry: an adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for monitoring changes during treatment

An adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) [Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L. and Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.] for weekly assessment of worry was evaluated in a brief treatment study. Cognitive restructuring techniques were taught to 28 nonclinical high-worriers, 14 of whom served as a control group in a lagged waiting-list design. Results showed that the Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Past Week (PSWQ-PW) was highly reliable and substantially valid in the assessment of both (a) weekly status of worry and (b) treatment-related changes in worry: average Cronbach's alpha was 0.91; average convergent correlation with a past-week adaptation of the Worry Domains Questionnaire [Tallis, F., Eysenck, M. W. and Mathews, A. (1992). A questionnaire for the measurement of nonpathological worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 161-168.] was 0.63 and pre-post improvement on PSWQ-PW showed a 0.71 correlation with the Questionnaire of Changes in Experiencing and Behavior [Zielke, M. and Kopf-Mehnert, C. (1978). Veränderungsfragebogen des Erlebens und Verhaltens. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz Test Gesellschaft.]. It is concluded that the PSWQ-PW is a useful instrument for monitoring pathological worry in experimental and applied settings

La relación de la rebaja del precio con la resolución del contrato y la indemnización de perjuicios en el régimen de compraventa alemán

20 p.The norms that regulate the sales contract are found in the part concerning obligations and contracts of Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) or the German Civil Code. In this regulation of the most used and important contract of present time, there are established diverse rights, implying a multiplicity of options, which the buyer can exercise when it has received a sales object with vices de facto or de iure. There is a controversy about how to excercise the different rights, since many of these options turn out to be incompatible and exclusive between themselves. In this article there is analyzed, in accordance with the prescriptions of the German law, the relation between the reduction of the price with the resolution of the contract and the claim for damages, from a logical sense and a systematical interpretation of the norms of the contract of sale, complementing it with European law.Las normas que regulan los contratos de compraventa se encuentran en la parte atinente a las obligaciones y los contratos del Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB), o Código Civil alemán. En esta regulación del contrato más usado e importante de la actualidad se establecen diversos derechos, los cuales implican una multiplicidad de opciones que el comprador puede ejercer cuando ha recibido una cosa con vicios de hecho o de derecho. Existe una controversia acerca de cómo ejercer los diferentes derechos, pues muchas de estas opciones resultan incompatibles y excluyentes entre sí. En el presente artículo se analiza, conforme a las prescripciones del derecho alemán, la relación de la rebaja del precio con la resolución y la indemnización de perjuicios, desde un sentido lógico y de lectura sistemática de las normas del contrato de compraventa, y complementándolo con derecho europeo.Introducción Relación del derecho a rebaja del precio con el derecho de resolución del contrato 1. Efectos jurídicos de la resolución y de la rebaja del precio 2. Rebaja del precio tras la declaración de resolución 3. Resolución tras la declaración de la rebaja del precio Relación del derecho a rebaja del precio con los derechos a indemnización de perjuicios 1. Consideración necesaria: diferencia en el contenido de los derechos individuales y la indemnización de perjuicios 2. Relación con el derecho a la indemnización de perjuicios junto a la prestación 3. Relación con el derecho a indemnización de perjuicios en vez de toda la prestación (el llamado derecho a la gran indemnización de perjuicios) 4. Relación del derecho a la pequeña indemnización de perjuicios en vez de la prestación A modo de conclusión Referencia

Reliability and validity of two widely-used worry questionnaires: self-report and self-peer convergence

The reliability and validity of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and the Worry Domains Questionnaire (WDQ) were examined with self-ratings from a non-clinical sample of 148 students in a test-retest design across four weeks. Ratings from three well-acquainted peers were also obtained. With internal consistencies and test-retest correlations of at least 0.85, the present study confirmed the high reliability of the questionnaires. Moreover, both measures demonstrated substantial convergent validity: Average agreement among peers was 0.42 (PSWQ) and 0.47 (WDQ) and aggregated self-peer agreement was 0.55 (PSWQ) and 0.49 (WDQ). Self-peer agreement was not biased by social desirability. These findings challenge views that worry is an unreliable and unobservable phenomenon