Flavonoid from Hedera helix fruits: A promising new natural sensitizer for DSSCs

Owing to their lower cost, simplicity of manufacture, environmental friendliness, and accessibility of raw materials, natural dyes emerge as the most viable substitute for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on natural dyes stays behind that of their metal-based counterparts. This can be partially overcome when appropriate chemical additives are present in the redox electrolyte employed in DSSCs based on natural dyes. To determine the ideal additives for DSSCs based on natural dye extracted from Hedera helix fruits, including flavonoid pigments, we thoroughly compare the actions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, guanidinium thiocyanate, and tert-butylpyridine additives in ionic liquid-based redox electrolytes. These additives suppress undesirable charge recombination and parasitic resistance effects, achieving a more significant enhancement of open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 130 mV and fill factor (FF) of 30 % compared to their counterparts. Utilizing prepared electrolyte solutions in DSSCs also presents an outstanding increase in the efficiency of the devices, from 0.75 % to 1.17 % (∼56 % improvement), which outperforms other natural dye sources containing flavonoid pigments as well. The experimental findings provided in this study demonstrate that the development of electrolytes tailored for natural dyes can lead to greater power conversion efficiency. © 2023 Elsevier B.V

İyimserlik (Yaşam Yönelimi) ile Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişkide Akademik Başarının Aracılık Rolü

This article investigates whether academic achievement plays a mediating role in the relationship between optimism and life satisfaction. The study was designed using the correlational survey method. Four hundered and thirty-five (215 females and 220 males) high school students were chosed as the particpants of the study. The mean age of the students was 16.21. The Optimism (Life Orientation) Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used in the study, and the academic achievement grades of the students were obtained from the report card notes from the previous year. To test the mediating effect of the applied model, the regression-based bootstrapping method and the Pearson moment-product correlation coefficient were used. Results showed there was a relationship between optimism, academic achievement, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, it was found that academic achievement played a partial mediating role in the relationship between optimism and life satisfaction. It was also observed that as students’ optimistic thoughts increased, their academic achievement also increased, and consequently, they became more satisfied with life. The findings were discussed in general terms, and recommendations were made accordingly.Bu araştırmanın amacı iyimserlik ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide akademik başarının aracı rolüne sahip olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma, 215’i kadın, 220’si erkek olmak üzere toplam 435 lise öğrencisi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 16.21 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada İyimserlik (Yaşam Yönelimi) Ölçeği ile Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmış, öğrencilerin akademik başarı notları ise bir önceki yıl karne notlarından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada, Pearson momentler çarpımı koreleasyon katsayısı ile uygulanan modelin aracılık etkisini test etmek için regresyon temelli bootstrapping yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre iyimserlik, akademik başarı ve yaşam doyumu arasında ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca iyimserlik ile yaşam doyumu arasında akademik başarının kısmi aracılık rolünde olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak öğrencilerim iyimserlik düşünceleri arttıkça akademik başarılarının da yükseldiği bunun sonucu olarak da yaşamdan daha fazla doyum aldıkları görülmektedir. Bulgular genel hatlarıyla tartışılarak yorumlanmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur

Cosmic Structure and Dynamics of the Local Universe

We present a cosmography analysis of the Local Universe based on the recently released Two-Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey (2MRS). Our method is based on a Bayesian Networks Machine Learning algorithm (the Kigen-code) which self-consistently samples the initial density fluctuations compatible with the observed galaxy distribution and a structure formation model given by second order Lagrangian perturbation theory (2LPT). From the initial conditions we obtain an ensemble of reconstructed density and peculiar velocity fields which characterize the local cosmic structure with high accuracy unveiling nonlinear structures like filaments and voids in detail. Coherent redshift space distortions are consistently corrected within 2LPT. From the ensemble of cross-correlations between the reconstructions and the galaxy field and the variance of the recovered density fields we find that our method is extremely accurate up to k ~ 1 h Mpc^-1 and still yields reliable results down to scales of about 3-4 h^-1 Mpc. The motion of the local group we obtain within ~ 80 h^-1 Mpc (v_LG=522+-86 km s^-1, l_LG=291^o +- 16^o, b_LG=34^o+-8^o) is in good agreement with measurements derived from the CMB and from direct observations of peculiar motions and is consistent with the predictions of LambdaCDM.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures; accepted at MNRAS after minor correction

Turkish women architects in the late Ottoman and Early Republican era, 1908-1950

This article examines the public status and educational background of Turkish women architects from 1908 to 1950. Writings on the history of architecture in Turkey, as in the West, have focused on heroic male figures. Key works produced before the late 1970s used data gathered mainly from Arkitekt, the first Turkish architectural magazine, whilst a second generation of Turkish architectural historians has preferred to investigate state and private archives. It is impossible to find a mention of women as architects in either bodies of work, although their contributions are indeed evident in the pages of Arkitekt. This article aims to fill some of these gaps in the highly gendered history of modern Turkish architecture by identifying and examining women's work as architects in Turkey in the first half of the twentieth century. It also explores the relationship between the women's liberation movement, the discipline of architecture, and modernization ideology associated with the Turkish Republic. It argues that women architects, who undertook important private commissions and were permitted to enter public competitions as anonymous entrants, did not encounter overt discrimination until the 1940s. Nevertheless, forms of indirect discrimination across the period served to silence women in the pages of the architectural press and to occlude them from key public commissions and offices

The development of synergistic heat stabilizers for PVC from zinc borate-zinc phosphate

Thesis(Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering, Izmir, 2004Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 101)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishx, 103 leavesPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), releases smoke and toxic gases (hydrogen chloride, HCl) during heating at temperatures above 140 C with the result of dehydrochlorination reaction. Obtaining flame retardant and smoke suppressed PVC compositions are getting more and more important. PVC is widely applied as a covering insulation for electrical and communication cables and in domestic uses such as window frames, doors, profiles, sidings and gutters because of its high level of combustion resistance.For this reason, many additives are studied to achieve better compositions than the present ones.In this study, the synergistic effects of zinc borate (ZB) . zinc phosphate (ZP) on thermal stability of plastigels obtained from PVC and dioctylphthalate (DOP) plastisols were investigated using spectroscopic and thermal techniques. Plastigels having a total of 2.5 parts (w/w) of zinc borate and zinc phosphate, 80 parts (w/w) of DOP and 100 parts (w/w) of PVC were gelled at 140 C for 15 minutes in a vacuum oven. The plastigel films having different compositions of ZB and ZP were investigated after heating at 140°C and 160 C from 15 minutes to 90 minutes by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The kinetic studies were made by PVC Thermomat 763 instrument. HCl gas released due to heating of the plastigel films at both 140 C and 160°C in PVC Thermomat instrument under nitrogen gas increases the conductivity of deionized water in measuring vessels of this instrument. By measuring the conductivity change in water caused by the absorption of HCl released, the thermal degradation of PVC plastigel films were studied by means of reaction rates, rate constants and activation energies. Compositions having only ZB or ZP have retarded dehydrochlorination of PVC compared with the control sample. However, the compositions with both ZB and ZP have a superior synergistic effect on char formation of PVC. Since induction times of the compositions having both ZB and ZP were higher than that of the control samples having only ZB or only ZP, the synergistic effect was observed.The compositions greatly promote the char formation of PVC. The thermal stability of plastigels was also studied by their yellowness index (YI). The elemental compositions of these films were investigated in atomic scale using EDX and SEM and their compositions were calculated both for particles and matrix

Multi-environment trial analysis by parametric and non-parametric stability parameters for seed yield in winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes

The objective of this study was to determine the stability of 11 different rapeseed genotypes in terms of seed yield, throughout 3 years (2014-2015-2016), 3 locations (Tekirdag, Kırklareli, Edirne), in total 8 environment in Thrace Region. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with four replications. The aim of this study was to determine rapeseed genotypes having a high adaptation for seed yield. Parametric {formula presented} and non-parametric ({formula presented}, RS and TOP) stability statistics were used to determine stability of the genotypes. The analysis of variance for seed yield showed that genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction all were significant (P?0,01). According to parametric and non-parametric (except TOP methods) stability analysis, genotype Wosry 142 was determined as a well-adapted genotype; genotype Wosry 144 poorly adapted genotype in across environments. Genotype Wosry 142 may be recommended for cultivation in the different environments tested. © 2021, Society of Field Crops Science. All rights reserved.This study is part of Corresponding Author Ph.D. thesis titled as “Determination of Genotype × Environment Interactions in Terms of Important Agronomic Traits of Some Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotype Under the Ecological Conditions of Thrace Region”. This research was supported by the NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.23 project. thank all of them for their support

Basic design education: A course outline proposal

Sarıoğlu Erdoğdu, Gülsün Pelin (Dogus Author)Türkiye ve Dünyada birçok Mimarlık ve Planlama okulunun ilk senesinde zorunlu Temel Tasarım dersi verilmektedir. 2 ve 3 boyutlu soyut temsil yöntemlerinin öğretildiği bu derste genelde Bauhaus okulunun algı psikolojisinden uyarladığı Gestalt tasarım prensipleri uygulanır ancak bu bağlantı her zaman çok açık değildir. Dersin stüdyo ortamında verilmesi, kritik alma süreci ve jüri değerlendirmesi öğrencilere yabancı gelmektedir. Sezgisel öğretme metodları kullanıldığı için üniversite eğitiminin ilk döneminde öğrencilerin en zorlandığı derslerden biridir. Bu makalede öncelikle Temel Tasarım dersinin yapısı ve işleyisi anlatılmaktadır. Sonra, Bauhaus okulunun yansıması olarak yaygın biçimde devam eden Temel Tasarım dersindeki farklı yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir. Gestalt prensipleri ve ilgili Temel Tasarım terim ve kavramları tartışılmıştır. Etkili bir temel tasarım dersi icin bir ders planı örneği verilmiştir.At many architecture and planning schools, in the first year there is a compulsory course on basic design in which Fundamentals of abstract representation of reality in 2D and 3D are taught. In general, the basic design course introduces Gestalt theory and its principles of design. Although this is a basic introductory course, the content is usually not properly organized. Links to the theory are generally weak, and it is frequently offered intuitively, leaving students confused in most cases. This article first explores different approaches used in basic design education at a number of universities. Second, the learning process and studio environment are discussed. Finally, an attempt is made to provide a coherent framework for basic design course

The context of the Local Volume: structures and motions in the nearby universe

The 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) and the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) provide the most complete maps of the large-scale structures and motions in the nearby universe. These maps have been used to reconstruct the density field in the local volume, and to predict the corresponding velocity field and the dipole of the Local Group motion.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in "Galaxies in the Local Volume", 2008, eds B. Koribalski and H. Jerjen, Springer Astrophysics and Space Science Series (proceedings of conference held in Sydney on 8-13 July 2007

3D Spherical Analysis of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs) are oscillatory features in the galaxy power spectrum and are a standard rod to measure the cosmological expansion. These have been studied in Cartesian space (Fourier or real space) or in Spherical Harmonic (SH) space in thin shells. Future wide-field surveys will cover both wide and deep regions of the sky and thus require a simultaneous treatment of the spherical sky and of an extended radial coverage. The Spherical Fourier-Bessel (SFB) decomposition is a natural basis for the analysis of fields in this geometry and facilitates the combination of BAO surveys with other cosmological probes readily described in this basis. We present here a new way to analyse BAOs by studying the BAO wiggles from the SFB power spectrum. In SFB space, the power spectrum generally has both a radial (k) and tangential (l) dependence and so do the BAOs. In the deep survey limit and ignoring evolution, the SFB power spectrum becomes radial and reduces to the Cartesian Fourier power spectrum. In the limit of a thin shell, all the information is contained in the tangential modes described by the 2D SH power spectrum. We find that the radialisation of the SFB power spectrum is still a good approximation even when considering an evolving and biased galaxy field with a finite selection function. This effect can be observed by all-sky surveys with depths comparable to current surveys. We find that the BAOs radialise more rapidly than the full SFB power spectrum. Our results suggest the first peak of the BAOs in SFB space becomes radial out to l ~ 10 for all-sky surveys with the same depth as SDSS or 2dF, and out to l ~ 70 for an all-sky stage IV survey. Subsequent BAO peaks also become radial, but for shallow surveys these may be in the non-linear regime. For modes that have become radial, measurements at different l's are useful in practice to reduce measurement errors.Comment: 6 pages + Appendix. Astro-ph abstract is abridged. Updated with comments from anonymous referee. Corrected axes of Figure 2. Extended discussion of radialisation. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Ruminasyon ve varsayılan mod ağı (DMN): bir beyin ağı incelemesi

Rumination is one of the most common repetitive negative thinking patterns and described as a pathological structure that involves focusing negatively on the past events and their consequences. Two subtypes of rumination are defined, while brooding is considered as an unsuccessful problem-solving attempt focusing on the consequences of depressive symptoms, reflection is considered as a relatively successful problem-solving attempt focusing on the causes of the depressive state. Within the last decade, rumination has been studied by its connection with the activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN), which is known as a structure that connects specific brain regions that increase their activity during the resting state (rs) and was associated with selfreferential thinking, memory and mind wandering. Additionally, a few recent studies suggest that besides the activity within the DMN, some networks working simultaneously with the DMN may also play a significant role in rumination. Therefore, five rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) articles assessing the relationship between rumination and DMN are discussed in this study. These studies show that while the communication of some DMN subsystems are increased during the process of ruminative thinking, some subsystems of DMN seems to communicate less. Moreover, some evidence suggests that DMN synchronization might be impaired in high-trait ruminators. Finally, it has been tried to emphasize the points and suggestions that are valuable for future studies.Ruminasyon, en yaygın tekrarlayıcı olumsuz düşünme örüntülerinden biridir ve geçmiş olaylar ile bunların sonuçlarına olumsuz bir şekilde odaklanmayı içeren patolojik bir yapı olarak tanımlanır. Ruminasyonun iki alt tipi tanımlanmıştır; kara kara düşünme, depresif semptomların sonuçlarına odaklanan başarısız bir problem çözme girişimi olarak kabul edilirken yansıtma, depresif durumun nedenlerine odaklanan nispeten başarılı bir problem çözme girişimi olarak kabul edilir. Ruminasyon, son on yılda, kişi dinlenme halindeyken etkinleşen belirli beyin bölgelerini birbirine bağlayan ve kendine yönelik düşünme, hafıza ve dalgınlık ile ilişkilendirilmiş bir yapı olarak bilinen Varsayılan Mod Ağı (DMN) ile güçlü bir bağlantı göstermiştir. Ek olarak, son zamanlarda yapılan birkaç çalışma, DMN içindeki etkinliğin yanı sıra, DMN ile eş zamanlı çalışan bazı ağların da ruminasyonda rol oynayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ruminasyon ve DMN arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren beş rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) makalesi incelenmiş ve sonuçlar özetlenmiştir. Çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, ruminatif düşünme sürecinde bazı DMN alt sistemlerinin iletişimlerinin artarken, bazı DMN alt sistemlerinin daha az iletişim kurduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bazı kanıtlar, yüksek ruminatif düşünce stiline sahip kişilerde DMN senkronizasyonunun bozulmuş olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Son olarak ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için değerli olan hususlar ve öneriler vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır.Publisher's Versio