Methodology creation for environmental characterization of rural lands in Area of Environmental Protection of the Descoberto River with the implementation of the necessary features for entry in the official rural environmental registry (CAR)

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (especialização)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, 2016.A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Rio Descoberto localiza-se entre o estado de Goiás e o Distrito Federal, possui elevada importância, pois é responsável pelo abastecimento de água de 66% da população do DF. A implementação do CAR (Cadastro Ambiental Rural) e suas ferramentas estão diretamente relacionadas a preservação ambiental, pois além de delimitar as áreas legalmente protegidas, a ferramenta contabiliza as áreas de preservação permanente degradadas e norteia a recuperação destes espaços. Devido à necessidade de realização de geolocalização de características do imóvel rural e visando auxiliar o trabalho dos órgãos e entidades envolvidas no cadastramento, optou-se por originar metodologia que abrigue, tanto as informações de entrada necessárias para o CAR, como a verificação da situação de preservação de APP (Áreas de Preservação Permanente), cobertura do solo, e provável localização de Reserva Legal. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a cobertura do solo predominante dentro das parcelas de imóveis rurais da APA no DF é a considerada “área consolidada”, que são aquelas que foram antropizadas antes de 22 de julho de 2008, totalizando 15.984,09 ha (67,56%), já o “remanescente de vegetação nativa” totalizou 7.170,68 ha (30,31%). Quanto a situação das APP, cerca de 58% encontra-se preservada (2.000,50 ha), já as APP degradadas, sua obrigatoriedade de recomposição é modificada desde que os imóveis estejam ou não inscritos no CAR até data limite estipulada, segundo o Novo Código Florestal, o que poderá proporcionar benefícios, caso todos os imóveis se cadastrem a área total de recomposição obrigatória seria de 239,42 ha e caso não se cadastrem a área total de recomposição seria de 779,42 ha. Identificou-se, também, 1.211 imóveis com área menor que 2 hectares, corroborando com o parcelamento irregular do solo.The Environmental Protection Area (APA) of Descoberto River is located between the state of Goias and the Distrito Federal, has great importance as it is responsible for the water supply of 66% of the DF's population. Implementation of the CAR (Rural Environmental Registry) and its tools are directly related to environmental protection, as well as define protected areas, the tool records the degraded areas of permanent preservation and guides the recovery of these spaces. Because of the need to perform geolocation rural property features and aiming to help the work of the agencies and entities involved in the registration, it was decided to give methodology that houses both the input information required for the CAR, such as checking the status of preservation of APP (Permanent Preservation Areas), ground cover, and probable location of Legal Reserve. The results showed that the coverage of the predominant soil within rural land on DF plots is the "consolidated area", which are those that were disturbed before July 22, 2008, totaling 15,984.09 ha (67,56%), as the "remnant vegetation native" totaled 7170.68 ha (30,31%). As the situation of APP, 58% is preserved (2000.50 ha), already degraded APP, their compulsory recovery is modified from that real estate whether or not enrolled in the CAR until stipulated deadline, according to the New Forest Code, which may provide benefits if all properties to enroll a total area of mandatory recovery would be 239.42 ha and if they do not register with the total area of restoration would be 779.42 ha. It was identified also 1,211 properties with an area less than 2 hectares, corroborating the irregular installments soil

ALTERAÇÕES NO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO E OS IMPACTOS NAS VAZÕES DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS AGRÍCOLAS AFLUENTES AO RESERVATÓRIO DO DESCOBERTO (DF/GO): Changes in land use and occupation ans impacts on flows of agricultural tributaries watersheds of the Descoberto's reservoir in Brazil

Geoprocessing techniques for mapping land use are a crucial instrument for understanding the evolution of occupation and water behavior of watersheds. This study aimed to analyze the changes in land use in affluent watersheds of the Descoberto reservoir, the main source of human supply in the Federal District- Brazil, correlating use with the impacts of changes in the watersheds' outflows streams. Scenarios for the years 1964, 1980, 2009, and 2019 were built with the support of aerophotogrammetric and satellite images in GIS software for Capão Comprido and Rodeador watersheds. Land use and occupation evolution in both watersheds showed similar results in all scenarios, which indicates the homogeneity of use in the upstream Descoberto reservoir region. There was a trend of decreasing areas of native vegetation and growth of agricultural use in the first three periods and the stability of this coverage between the years 2009 and 2019. There was an increase in infrastructure areas that are indicative of irregular parceling land and urbanization. The integrated analysis results showed a high impact, since 1964, on tributary quantitative water availability. Keywords: Land use and occupation. GIS. Scenarios.O uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento para o mapeamento do uso do solo é um instrumento determinante para a compreensão da evolução da ocupação e do comportamento hídrico de bacias hidrográficas. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as mudanças de uso do solo em bacias hidrográficas afluentes e contribuintes do reservatório do Descoberto, principal manancial de abastecimento humano do Distrito Federal, correlacionando o uso com os impactos das alterações nas vazões de saída das bacias. Foram construídos cenários de uso dos anos 1964, 1980, 2009 e 2019 com apoio de imagens aerofotogramétricas e de satélites em ambiente SIG para as bacias hidrográficas do córrego Capão Comprido e do ribeirão Rodeador. A evolução do uso e ocupação do solo nas duas bacias hidrográficas mostraram resultados semelhantes em todos os cenários retratados, o que indica a homogeneidade da utilização da região a montante do manancial. Observou-se a tendência de diminuição de áreas de vegetação nativa e crescimento do uso agropecuário nos três primeiros períodos e a estabilidade dessa cobertura entre os anos 2009 e 2019. Constatou-se aumento de áreas de infraestruturas indicativas de parcelamento e urbanização. Os resultados da análise integrada evidenciaram um impacto elevado, desde 1964, na disponibilidade hídrica quantitativa afluente. Palavras-chave: Uso e ocupação do solo. SIG. Cenarização

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS FLEBITES NOTIFICADAS À GERÊNCIA DE RISCO EM HOSPITAL DA REDE SENTINELA

Objetivo: caracterizar as flebites notificadas em um Hospital da Rede Sentinela. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e quantitativo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de 285 fichas de notificação de flebite da gerência de risco de um Hospital no município do Recife no período de janeiro de 2012 a agosto de 2013. Resultados: as ocorrências de flebite foram mais frequentes no dorso da mão (36,5%), antebraço (34,4%) e braço (21,4%). Classificadas em grau I (63,2%), por causa química (72,6%), seguida de causas mecânicas (12,6%). O maior número de notificações procedeu da emergência (35,8%). Conclusão: a caracterização dos casos de flebite notificados à Gerência de Risco apresentou o dorso da mão, a classificação em grau I e a causa química como as mais prevalentes.Descritores: Enfermagem; Flebite; Notificação

Instruments for assessing back pain in athletes: A systematic review

Back pain in athletes varies with sport, age, and sex, which can impair athletic performance, thereby contributing to retirement. Studies on back pain in this population use questionnaires to assess components, such as pain intensity and location and factors associated with pain, among others. This study aimed to review validated questionnaires that have assessed back pain in athletes. This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) by searching the databases Embase, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Scopus. The articles were selected regardless of language and date of publication. Titles and abstracts were independently selected by two reviewers; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. All the steps were conducted using the software Rayyan. The methodological quality of the questionnaire validation articles was assessed using a critical appraisal tool checklist proposed by Brink and Louw. The search returned 4748 articles, of which 60 were selected for this review, including 5 questionnaire validation studies. These articles were published between 2004 and 2022, which were performed in more than 20 countries, particularly Germany (14) and Sweden (5). Thirteen different instruments were identified, of which 46.1% were developed in Europe. The most commonly used questionnaires were the Oswestry Disability Index and Nordic Standardized Questionnaire. In addition, five questionnaire validation studies were selected for methodological quality assessment, with only two studies demonstrating high methodological quality. The following three instruments were identified for assessing back pain specifically in athletes: Micheli Functional Scale, Persian Functional Rating Index, and Athlete Disability Index. This review confirmed that all three instruments were specifically designed to assess this condition

Comparison of three equations for predicting the body fat by bioimpedance in young obese females || Comparación de tres ecuaciones para predicción de la grasa corporal por bioimpedancia en jóvenes obesas

A impedância bioelétrica (BIA) tem sido bastante utilizada para o monitoramento da composição corporal em indivíduos de diferentes idades e estados nutricionais. Entretanto, não se sabe qual das equações propostas para crianças e adolescentes é a mais recomendada para utilização em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Objetivo: Verificar a concordância dos métodos de BIA usando três equações diferentes com a absorciometria de raio-X de dupla energia (DXA), para análise da composição corporal de adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Participaram do estudo 27 adolescentes do sexo feminino, com sobrepeso e obesidade. Foram avaliados o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), a massa gorda (MG) e a massa livre de gordura (MLG) por DXA e por BIA utilizando as equações propostas por Houtkooper, Schaefer e Deurenberg. ANOVA oneway, gráficos de Bland-Altman e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram utilizados para comparação e verificação da concordância entre os métodos. A BIA utilizando a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a única que não apresentou diferença estatística significativa na estimativa de %GC, MG e MLG em comparação ao DXA e apresentou boa concordância com o DXA na estimativa de %GC (-1,9 ± 3,29%), MG (1,5 ± 2,59 kg) e MLG (1,4 ± 2,60 kg), bem como boa reprodutibilidade para %GC (CCI = 0,81), MG (0,96) e MLG (0,89). As equações de Schaefer e de Deurenberg apresentaram menor concordância com o DXA, superestimando a MG e subestimando a MLG e apresentaram reprodutibilidade de moderada a baixa na maioria das medidas da composição corporal. Quando comparamos as três equações propostas para BIA com o DXA, verificamos que a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a que melhor concordou com DXA e apresentou boa reprodutibilidade para estimar %GC, MG e MLG em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.214266270COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoThe bioelectrical impedance (BIA) has been widely used for monitoring body composition of individuals of different ages and nutritional statuses. However, it is unknown which of the equations for children and adolescents is the most recommended to be used for adolescents who are overweight. Objective: To assess the agreement of the BIA method using three different equations with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for analysis of body composition in overweight and obesity. Twenty-seven female adolescents with overweight or obesity were included in this study. The percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were evaluated by DXA and BIA using the equations proposed by Houtkooper, Schaefer and Deurenberg. Oneway ANOVA, Bland-Altman plots and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used for comparison and verification of the agreement among the methods. BIA using the equation proposed by Houtkooper was the only one that showed no statistically significant difference in the estimating %BF, FM and FFM compared to DXA and showed good agreement with DXA in estimating %BF (-1.9±3.29), FM (1.5±2.59) and FFM (1.4±2.60) and good reproducibility for %BF (0.81), FM (0.96) and FFM (0.89). The Schaefer and Deurenberg equations showed less agreement with DXA, overestimating the MG and underestimating the FFM, and presented moderate to low reproducibility in most measures of body composition. When we compared the three equations proposed to BIA with DXA, we find that the Houtkooper equation was the best agreed with DXA and showed good reproducibility for estimate %BF, FM and FFM in female adolescents with overweight and obesity. || La impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) ha sido bastante utilizada para el monitoreo de la composición corporal en individuos de diferentes edades y estado nutricional. Entretanto, no se sabe cuál de las ecuaciones propuestas para niños y adolescentes es la más recomendada para uso en adolescentes con exceso de peso. Objetivo: Verificar la concordancia de los métodos de BIA usando tres ecuaciones diferentes con la absormetría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA), para análisis de la composición corporal de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Participaron en el estudio 27 adolescentes, del sexo femenino, con sobrepeso y obesidad. Fueron evaluados el porcentual de grasa corporal (%GC), la masa gorda (MG) y la masa libre de grasa (MLG) por DXA y por BIA utilizando las ecuaciones propuestas por Houtkooper, Schaefer y Deurenberg. ANOVA oneway, Bland-Altman y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fueron utilizados para comparación y verificación de la concordancia entre los métodos. La BIA utilizando la ecuación propuesta por Houtkooper fue la única que no presentó diferencia estadística significativa en la estimativa de %GC, MG y MLG en comparación a DXA y presentó buena concordancia con el DXA en la estimativa de % GC (-1,9±3,29%), MG (1,5±2,59kg) y MLG (1,4±2,60kg), bien como buena reproductibilidad para %GC (CCI=0,81), MG (0,96) y MLG (0,89). Las ecuaciones Schaefer y de Deurenberg presentaron menor concordancia con el DXA, sobreestimando la MG y subestimando la MLG y presentaron valores de moderada a baja reproductibilidad en la mayoría de las medidas de la composición corporal. Cuando comparamos las tres ecuaciones propuestas para BIA en comparación al DXA, verificamos que la ecuación propuesta por Houtkooper fue la que mejor concordó con DXA y presentó buena reproductibilidad para estimar %GC, MG y MLG en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad

Association between adiposity indicators, metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in a sample of female adolescents

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and abdominal adiposity with metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, in female adolescents. The sample consisted of 53 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from a public school in Curitiba, Brazil. The adiposity indicators studied were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TKFM), total fat mass (TFM) and body fat percentage (BF%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The metabolic and inflammatory parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Eighty percent of WC variation, 87% of TKFM and TFM, and 73% of BF% were predicted by BMI variation. There was a significant positive correlation between all indicators of adiposity with SBP, DBP, insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP and leptin. Triglycerides were positively correlated with BMI and WC, and adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI. TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not correlate to the studied variables. BMI showed a significant association with most of the parameters studied, and WC was slightly better than BMI to predict insulin resistance in this specific population.59432533

Basic human needs in intensive care / Necessidades humanas básicas em terapia intensiva

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem acerca das necessidades humanas básicas dos pacientes críticos internos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva sob a luz da teoria das necessidades humanas básicas de Wanda de Aguiar Horta. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Amostra de 100 profissionais de enfermagem em terapia intensiva adulto. Resultados: Predominância dos aspectos psicobiológico: cuidado corporal (11,7%), oxigenação e nutrição (11,6%); baixo predomínio dos aspectos psicossociais. A interação com a equipe multiprofissional (25,2%), iniciativa do profissional (19,50%) e disponibilidade de recursos humanos compatíveis (16,72%) favorecem a percepção das necessidades humanas básicas do paciente, enquanto o estresse (23,74%), quantitativo de paciente para um enfermeiro/técnico (22,57%) e a rotatividade da equipe (14,01%) dificultam. Conclusão: A equipe de enfermagem conhece as necessidades humanas básicas do paciente critico,centralizada nos aspectos psicobiológicos com distanciamento dos aspectos sociais e religiosos na pratica assistencial.

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks