Used frying oil biodiesel production: experimental factorial design and multivariate analysis

<div align="justify">Biodiesel é derivado de fontes renováveis ereduz significativamente as emissões atmosféricas. Pode serobtido de diversos processos, como a alcoolise. Nestetrabalho, o biodiesel foi produzido através da alcoolise doóleo de fritura usado de indústrias de alimentação. Umplanejamento experimental foi utilizado e os produtos dereação foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa (CG)espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com acessório dereflexão total atenuada horizontal (IV-HATR) e análiseexploratória por análise de componentes principais (PCA) eanálise hierárquica de grupos (HCA). De acordo com ascondições analisadas obteve-se alta conversão em ésteresmetílicos. Por IV-HATR, a conversão máxima foi observadaem condições experimentais de temperatura ( 50 e 60°C),concentração de catalisador (0,6 e 1,2%) e a 1:8 de relaçãomolar entre óleo e metanol. Também foi possíveldiscriminar por análise quimiométrica, 4 grupos noplanejamento experimental e determinar as melhorescondições para a produção de biodiesel de óleo de friturausado.<br><br>Abstract Biodiesel is derived from renewable sources and it significantly reduces atmospheric emissions. It can be obtained byseveral processes, such as alcoholysis. In this work, biodiesel was produced through alcoholysis of used frying oil from a cateringbusiness. An experimental factorial design was used and the reaction products were analyzed through gas chromatography (GC),horizontal attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (HATR/FT-IR) spectroscopy and exploratory analysis withprincipal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Under the conditions analyzed, a high degree ofconversion to methyl ester was found. As shown by HATR/FT-IR, the maximum conversion was obtained when the experimentalconditions had the temperature ( 50 e 60°C), largest catalyst concentration (0,6 e 1,2%) and a 1:8 molar proportion of oil tomethanol. It was possible to discriminate, through chemometrics analysis, four groups in the proposed experimental factorialdesign and determine the better condition for biodiesel production from used frying oil.</div

EPOXIDAÇÃO DE ÓLEOS DE SOJA, GIRASSOL E MAMONA E AVALIAÇÃO QUIMIOMÉTRICA POR PCA e HCA

Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar a epoxidação de diferentes óleos vegetais (girassol, mamona e soja) e realizar a identificação assim como o acompanhamento reacional através da espectroscopia no infravermelho médio aplicando métodos multivariados de análise (análise de componentes principais – PCA e análise de agrupamento hierárquico – HCA). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que é possível obter epóxidos a partir de ésteres dos óleos de mamona, soja e girassol e que a taxa de conversão está associada ao tempo, a quantidade de enzima e ao óleo vegetal empregado. O estudo também indica que é possível o acompanhamento reacional através da espectroscopia no infravermelho médio associado à análise de componentes principais (PCA) e a identificação dos epóxidos obtidos a partir de óleos de girassol, mamona e soja através da espectroscopia no infravermelho médio associada à análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise por agrupamento hierárquico (HCA)

Uso de retalho de padrão subdérmico de rotação após exérese de neoplasia craniana, associada à ablação do conduto auditivo em cão – Relato de caso/ Use of a subdermal pattern flap of rotation after cranial neoplasia excision, associated with ablation of the auditory canal in dog – Case report

As neoplasias são as principais causas de morte nos cães e gatos; cerca de 50% dos cães e 35% dos gatos são acometidos por algum processo neoplásico durante a vida. A intervenção cirúrgica constitui-se em uma das principais modalidades de tratamento para os tumores passíveis de remoção completa, sendo um dos procedimentos mais eficazes quando se tratam de tumores grandes e localizados. A aplicabilidade da cirurgia reconstrutiva como correção cirúrgica é uma boa opção. As técnicas de correções realizadas em cirurgias reconstrutivas são retalhos e enxertos. A grande vantagem de empregar retalhos cutâneos é o fato de eles permitirem a cobertura imediata da região afetada e reduzirem o tempo de cicatrização do tecido, proporcionando ao paciente melhores resultados estéticos e funcionais. Por meio de tomografia computadorizada constatou-se a presença de massa em região temporal e cervical superficial lateral esquerda. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o emprego da cirurgia reconstrutiva, após a excisão de um tumor na cabeça aderido ao crânio e orelha média e externa, associado a ablação do conduto auditivo, utilizando um retalho de padrão subdérmico de rotação em cão

Histórias de dor e de vida: oficinas de contadores de histórias

The present research is a result of an intervention with HIV-positive individuals carried out in the city of São Leopoldo (Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul), a municipality located in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area with the third highest number of HIV/Aids cases in the region. The aim of the research was to organize workshops for storytellers and motivate the participants to spread the word. The workshop described in this article took place at the NGO Apoio, Solidariedade e Prevenção à Aids (ASPA - Aids Prevention, Solidarity and Support), and was developed throughout five meetings when the participants told life stories and created a ritual based on popular religiosity. The group was composed of eight users and two volunteer workers, all of them HIV-positive; the majority were female, with a low income, living in areas of difficult access and heading their households. As for the theoretical framework, we used discourse practices in order to analyze the material produced in the workshops. Throughout the activity, two main themes emerged: the prejudice imposed upon HIV-positive individuals and religiosity as a strategy for confronting Aids. Emphasis is given to the importance of storytellers workshops in the promotion of the health of the population.Esta pesquisa foi uma intervenção com grupos de sujeitos soropositivos, realizada na cidade de São Leopoldo/RS, município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre que apresenta a terceira prevalência de Hiv/Aids no Estado. O objetivo da pesquisa foi organizar oficinas de contadores de histórias e motivar os participantes a atuar como multiplicadores. A oficina de que trata este artigo foi realizada na ONG Apoio, Solidariedade e Prevenção à Aids (ASPA), desenvolvida em cinco encontros, nos quais os sujeitos contaram as histórias de vida e inventaram um ritual ancorado na religiosidade popular. O grupo era composto por oito usuários e dois trabalhadores voluntários, todos soropositivos; com predomínio de mulheres de baixa renda e chefes de família. Foi utilizado o referencial das práticas discursivas para analisar o material produzido na oficina. No percurso do trabalho emergiram dois temas principais: o preconceito a que estão submetidos os sujeitos soropositivos e a religiosidade como estratégia de resistência usada pela população na luta contra a Aids. Enfatiza-se a importância de atividades como a de contar histórias na promoção da saúde da população

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012

Evidence for Reductive Genome Evolution and Lateral Acquisition of Virulence Functions in Two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strains

Ruiz JC, D'Afonseca V, Silva A, et al. Evidence for Reductive Genome Evolution and Lateral Acquisition of Virulence Functions in Two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strains. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(4): e18551.Background: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen, is the etiologic agent of the disease known as caseous lymphadenitis (CL). CL mainly affects small ruminants, such as goats and sheep; it also causes infections in humans, though rarely. This species is distributed worldwide, but it has the most serious economic impact in Oceania, Africa and South America. Although C. pseudotuberculosis causes major health and productivity problems for livestock, little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenicity. Methodology and Findings: We characterized two C. pseudotuberculosis genomes (Cp1002, isolated from goats; and CpC231, isolated from sheep). Analysis of the predicted genomes showed high similarity in genomic architecture, gene content and genetic order. When C. pseudotuberculosis was compared with other Corynebacterium species, it became evident that this pathogenic species has lost numerous genes, resulting in one of the smallest genomes in the genus. Other differences that could be part of the adaptation to pathogenicity include a lower GC content, of about 52%, and a reduced gene repertoire. The C. pseudotuberculosis genome also includes seven putative pathogenicity islands, which contain several classical virulence factors, including genes for fimbrial subunits, adhesion factors, iron uptake and secreted toxins. Additionally, all of the virulence factors in the islands have characteristics that indicate horizontal transfer. Conclusions: These particular genome characteristics of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as its acquired virulence factors in pathogenicity islands, provide evidence of its lifestyle and of the pathogenicity pathways used by this pathogen in the infection process. All genomes cited in this study are available in the NCBI Genbank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) under accession numbers CP001809 and CP001829

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis