Geotechnical Evaluation of Soils in Ammarah/Central Missan, Iraq

قبل اعتماد أي نظام للتنمية الحضرية، ينبغي دراسة طبقات التربة وتحديد المعلومات الجيوتقنية. في الدراسة الحالية، تم جمع البيانات الجيوتقنية الأساسية لمدينة العمارة ودراسة الخواص المتأصلة للتربة وطريقة توزيع طبقات التربة. علاوة على ذلك، تم استعراض المشاكل التي تنطوي عليها تربة منطقة الدراسة. أظهرت فحوصات الموقع والاختبارات المعملية أن المنطقة مجال الاهتمام تتميز بطمي بنسب مئوية مختلفة موزعة على العمق. كشفت نتائج الاختبار القياسية للاختراق والقص عن عدم الانتظام الافقي لطبقات التربة. أظهر فحص ومراجعة مشاكل التربة أن تربة العمارة خالية من المشاكل المرتبطة بالكثبان الرملية ومحتوى الجبس العالي. من ناحية أخرى، توزع التربة السبخة على نطاق واسع على المنطقة بسبب الأملاح والعمق الضحل لمستوى المياه.Before any system of urban development is adopted, soil stratigraphy should be studied and geotechnical information should be determined. In the current study, fundamental geotechnical data for Ammarah city were collected and the inherent properties of soils and the manner of soil layers distribution were studied. Furthermore, problems involved in the soil of the study area were reviewed. Site investigations and laboratory testing showed that the area of interest is characterised by silt of different percentages distributed over the depth. Standard penetration and Vane shear test results revealed a horizontal discontinuity of soil layers. Investigating and reviewing soil problems showed that Ammarah soils are free of problems associated with sand dunes and high gypsum content. On the other hand, sabkha soil is widely distributed over the area due to salts and the shallow depth of water table

Flexural Behavior of Self-Compacting RC Continuous Beams Strengthened by CFRP Sheets

قدم هذا البحث دراسة عملية لتقصي سلوك انحناء العتبات الخرسانية المسلحة المستمرة ذاتية الرص المدعمة خارجيا بشرائح الياف الكربون البوليمرية. الدراسة العملية اشتملت على ثمانية اعتاب خرسانية ذاتية الرص مسلحة مستمرة مكونة من فضائين كل فضاء بطول 1500 مليمتر بابعاد (150*250). تم تقوية سبعة من هذه العتبات الخرسانية المسلحة خارجيا باستخدام شرائح من الياف الكربون البوليمرية مع استعمال او بدون استعمال الارساء الخارجي. المتغيرات الرئيسية تضمنت موقع شرائح الياف الكربون البوليمرية ونوع الارساء في النهائيات. اظهرت النتائج العملية بان الاعتاب المقواة خارجيا بشرائح الياف الكربون البوليمرية ابدت زيادات ملحوظة في الاحمال القصوى. بلغت الزيادة في الحمال الاقصى الى (60.71%) بالمقارنة مع العتبة المرجعية غير المقواة بشرائح الياف الكربون البوليمرية. ان الارساء بالياف الكربون البوليمرية فعال جدا اكثر من جعل شريحة الياف الكربون البوليمرية تمتد تحت المساند او الحمل المركز (في زيادة الحمل النهائي وتقليل هطول الاعتاب). وان التقوية في الجوانب طريقة فعالة جدا في زيادة احمال التشقق الاولي وصلت الى (125%) بالمقارنة مع العتبة المرجعية غير المقواة بشرائح الياف الكربون البوليمرية.This search presented an experimental study of the flexural behavior of self-compacting reinforced concrete continuous beams externally strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) Sheets. The practical study contained eight self-compacting reinforced concrete continuous beams (with two span), each span had (1500) mm length and (150x250) mm cross sectional dimensions. Seven of these beams strengthened externally by CFRP sheets with and without external anchorage. The experimental variables included location of CFRP sheets and anchor type and location. The results, shows that the beams strengthened externally by CFRP sheets provided improvement in ultimate loads reached (60.71%). The usage of CFRP in the anchorage zone indicated an effective method in comparison to increasing the CFRP sheets lengths or extending them up to the support or under the loading points. Test results also showed that side strengthening provided an effective tool for increasing the load at the cracking stage and also the load capacity and reducing flexural crack widths

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Reliability and validity of the Wrightington classification of elbow fracture-dislocation

The Wrightington classification system of fracture-dislocations of the elbow divides these injuries into six subtypes depending on the involvement of the coronoid and the radial head. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of this classification system. Methods This was a blinded study using radiographs and CT scans of 48 consecutive patients managed according to the Wrightington classification system between 2010 and 2018. Four trauma and orthopaedic consultants, two post CCT fellows, and one speciality registrar based in the UK classified the injuries. The seven observers reviewed preoperative radiographs and CT scans twice, with a minimum four-week interval. Radiographs and CT scans were reviewed separately. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were calculated using Fleiss and Cohen kappa coefficients. The Landis and Koch criteria were used to interpret the strength of the kappa values. Validity was assessed by calculating the percentage agreement against intraoperative findings. Results Of the 48 patients, three (6%) had type A injury, 11 (23%) type B, 16 (33%) type B+, 16 (33%) Type C, two (4%) type D+, and none had a type D injury. All 48 patients had anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs, 44 had 2D CT scans, and 39 had 3D reconstructions. The interobserver reliability kappa value was 0.52 for radiographs, 0.71 for 2D CT scans, and 0.73 for a combination of 2D and 3D reconstruction CT scans. The median intraobserver reliability was 0.75 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.62 to 0.79) for radiographs, 0.77 (IQR 0.73 to 0.94) for 2D CT scans, and 0.89 (IQR 0.77 to 0.93) for the combination of 2D and 3D reconstruction. Validity analysis showed that accuracy significantly improved when using CT scans (p = 0.018 and p = 0.028 respectively). Conclusion The Wrightington classification system is a reliable and valid method of classifying fracture-dislocations of the elbow. CT scans are significantly more accurate than radiographs when identifying the pattern of injury, with good intra- and interobserver reproducibility.</p

Flexural Behavior of Self-Compacting RC Continuous Beams Strengthened by CFRP Sheets

This search presented an experimental study of the flexural behavior of self-compacting reinforced concrete continuous beams externally strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) Sheets. The practical study contained eight self-compacting reinforced concrete continuous beams (with two span), each span had (1500) mm length and (150x250) mm cross sectional dimensions. Seven of these beams strengthened externally by CFRP sheets with and without external anchorage. The experimental variables included location of CFRP sheets and anchor type and location. \ud The results, shows that the beams strengthened externally by CFRP sheets provided improvement in ultimate loads reached (60.71%). The usage of CFRP in the anchorage zone indicated an effective method in comparison to increasing the CFRP sheets lengths or extending them up to the support or under the loading points. Test results also showed that side strengthening provided an effective tool for increasing the load at the cracking stage and also the load capacity and reducing flexural crack widths

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease