Assessment of Ganoderma lucidum\u27s Antimicrobial Efficacy Against a Few Human Pathogenic Microorganisms

 Background:  Growing antibiotic resistance is one of the major worldwide issues endangering human health. As a result, many approaches to lowering pathogens are being studied. G. lucidum\u27s impact on some pathogenic species is the focus of the current investigation. Materials and Methods: In our study the effect of G. lucidum powder fungi compared with antibiotics. we prepared G. lucidum in three different concentrations (80, 100, and 200 mg/ml). The sensitivity of pathogenic fungi and positive and negative bacteria species to Gram stain was tested, and the results were compared to the antibiotic sensitivity of the same species used in the study. Result: The study showed that S. aureus bacteria were sensitive to all the used types of antibiotics, whereas E. coli were   resistant to most of them; the remaining species had varied sensitivities. While S. aureus showed greater sensitivity to an increasing concentration of the utilized powder, E. Coli, Bacillus, and Klebsiella bacteria all demonstrated resistance to the effects of the powder. The P. aeruginosa bacteria and the fungal species employed in the investigation exhibited no discernible sensitivity to the powder utilized. Conclusion: In contrast to the bacteria and fungi being studied, S. aureus had a higher sensitivity to increasing powder concentration

Ensemble Average and Deep Neural Networks for Detection of Rice Leaf Diseases

Background In this paper, the ensemble average and deep neural networks approach is proposed for detecting rice leaf diseases. The system consists of two different deep neural networks represented by GoogLeNet and MobileNetV2 where trained separately by dataset of rice leaves images. Materials and Methods  These images represent various conditions of the leaves, including healthy leaves, and five types of diseases. The dataset is preprocessed by resizing and normalizing to standardize the inputs for the networks. Then it is split into training and testing sets to ensure robust model evaluation. After training of these two networks, the ensemble average module combines the predictions from both networks by averaging them during the testing phase. Results The proposed model was compared with the other two models based on the performance metrics accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, and the proposed model highlights the superiority of the proposed approach in detecting rice leaf diseases. The proposed model achieved the highest accuracy at 97.07%, precision at 97.1%, recall at 97.06%, and F1-score at 97.08% which outperformed the other two models across all metrics because the averaging process reduces variance and enhances the accuracy of the final decision of detection the rice leaf diseases Conclusion This ensemble-based approach illustrates superior performance for rice leaf diseases detection, offering a more reliable and precise tool for managing the agricultural diseases

Apelin and Its Relation with Glucose Metabolism in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Comparative Study

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia), which produced by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells insulin-producing. Objective: This study aimed to examine the alterations in Apelin, Lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, calcium, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in adolescents with type 1 diabetic and healthy adolescents. Methods: This study was done in the Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital and Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Ramadi city in Iraq, between January 2024 to July 2024. One hundred adolescents were selected: 60 patients with diabetes and 40 healthy as a control group. Biochemical tests for blood samples were performed. Results: The results showed there was a significantly increase in concentrations of Apelin, lipid profile (except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and calcium in patients with diabetes than control group. Whereas, there was a significantly reduction in concentration of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in patients with diabetes than  control group. The results showed a significant positive correlation among glucose concentrations and Apelin concentrations, while there was a significant inverse relationship between blood parathyroid hormone and blood glucose concentrations, and also, there was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D concentration and HbA1c. Conclusion: The high serum concentrations of Apelin in diabetic patients supports the function of Apelin in diabetes mellitus development and highlight the utilize of Apelin as a medical sign in diabetes

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Black Cumin on Cholesterol and Total Protein Levels (albumin and globulin) in Male Healthy Rabbits

Background: Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a medicinal and aromatic herb from the Ranunculaceae family, traditionally used for its health benefits. It supports immune function, enhances brain activity, and offers protection against various chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of black cumin on cholesterol and total protein levels (albumin and globulin) in healthy male rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand rabbits (5–6 months old, weighing 1200–1500 g) were divided into six groups. One group served as the control, while the other five received increasing doses of aqueous black cumin extract: 80, 130, 180, 230, and 280 mg/kg body weight per day. Blood samples were collected to assess serum cholesterol, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels after dosing. Results: Cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the 80 and 130 mg/kg groups, while higher doses (180–280 mg/kg) caused a significant increase. Total protein levels were significantly elevated in groups C, D, and E, with the highest in group E (90.4 ± 1.4) compared to the control (70.6 ± 0.85). Globulin also increased in group E (280 mg/kg), while albumin levels showed no significant changes. Conclusion:Low doses of black cumin reduced cholesterol levels, whereas high doses increased them. Total protein and globulin levels increased, while albumin remained unchanged

Oral Microbial Ecology: Balancing Symbiosis and Pathogenesis: A Review

Microorganisms within the oral cavity exist in balance with one another and the host\u27s immune system, contributing to oral health. Disruption of this balance can result in microbial activity that leads to oral diseases and oral diseases are linked to microorganisms that exist in the oral cavity. Mouth contains one of the utmost complex in addition to various microorganism ecosystems in the human body. The oral microorganism contributes to maintaining homeostasis within the oral host. However, environmental, behavioral, or systemic changes can lead to ecological shifts in the balanced microbial community, leading to oral diseases including dental caries and periodontitis. These microorganisms exist in a balanced manner with each other and with the immune system of the organism, and thus this leads to maintaining oral health. However, any imbalance in this balance leads to the microorganisms living in the mouth becoming disease-causing. This review aims for survey the structure and dynamics of the mouth microorganism, the transition from commensalism to pathogenesis, diseases caused by microorganisms present in the mouth ,the relationship of these microorganisms to people with immune deficiency , current procedures to restore microbial balance. Understanding these dynamics can guide the development of targeted therapies for oral and systemic health

أنواع العمليات في قطع القراءة في منهج الرابع اعدادي لمادة اللغة الانجليزية في العراق

This study depicts the transitivity system used in reading passages for the 4th preparatory student’s textbook in English for Iraq (garnet series). This study aims at 1: Identifying the most prevalent process types used in the reading passages of English textbooks for Iraqi secondary school students and 2: Determining the implications of the most dominant process type. This study isconducted by using qualitative and quantitative analyses. In most cases, material processes are used. It is, therefore, appropriate to note that several passages in English textbooks for secondary schools include actions or describe events that take place physically. Accordingly, the process used in reading passages signified action, action taken, or what is done.تتبع الدراسة نظام التناقلية الموجود في قطع القراءة في منهج الرابع الاعدادي لمادة اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة اجنبية في العراق. تهدف الدراسة الى: 1-تشخيص العمليات الأكثر استخداما في تلك القطع و 2-تحديد تأثير العمليات الأكثر استخداما لتوضيح فكرة القطع. اعتمدت الدراسة تحليلا نوعيا وكميا. اغلب قطع القراءة تتضمن العمليات المادية وذلك نتيجة لتضمن تلك القطع المخصصة لصف الرابع اعدادي بالتعليم الثانوي على احداث وفعاليات حركية ووصفية. وعليه فأن هذه العمليات تشير الى الفعل او ما يحدث او ما حدث

Aesthetic Dimensions of Form Transformation in Contemporary Kuwaiti Painting

تضمن البحث الحالي أربعة فصول تناول الفصل الأول الإطار المنهجي للبحث وتضمن (مشكلة البحث) الذي حددتها عدد من المسوغات والتي تتضمن بتساؤليين: هل هناك تأثير غربي في الأبعاد الجمالية للتحول الشكلي في الرسم الكويتي المعاصر؟ وما مدى التأثير المباشر لقوة الشكل الحضاري والموروث ورموز الفلكلور الشعبي في تحول فن الرسم الكويتي المعاصر؟ يهدف البحث الحالي إلى: الكشف عن الأبعاد الجمالية للتحول الشكلي في الرسم الكويتي المعاصر. حدود البحث: دراسة الأبعاد الجمالية للتحول الشكلي في الرسم الكويتي المعاصر. للمدة بين (1975-2000م) في دولة الكويت. وتضمن الفصل الثاني مبحثين: الأول (معنى التحول والشكل في الفن)، والثاني (الرسم الكويتي المعاصر بين النشأة والجذور).  وتكون الفصل الثالث من مجتمع البحث بحصره بـ(50) لوحة فنية زيتية من أعمال الرسامين العرب الكويتيين في حدود الرسم الكويتي المعاصر بين عامي (1975-2000)، قامت الباحثة، يحسب الحدود الزمنية للبحث، بتحديد أربع عقود من الزمن هما: السبعينات والثمانينات والتسعينات والألفينيات، وقامت بالاختيار القصدي لـ(5) لوحات فنية عينة للبحث ضمن العقود الأربعة بحسب ما ورد في مجتمع البحث، أما منهجية البحث فاعتمدت الباحثة على أسلوب المنهج (الوصفي التحليلي). وتضمن الفصل الرابع نتائج البحث منها: تمثلت الأبعاد الجمالية للتحول الشكلي في الرسم الكويتي المعاصر بالرموز التراثية أو الأيقونة أو التشكيلات الزخرفية الهندسية وبتأكيد الرسام الكويتي جمالية تحولاته الشكلية ورؤياه الفنية مع تطور الأسلوب الفني لذات الفنان. أما الاستنتاجات فهي: يجسد الفن الكويتي المعاصر الهوية الخصوصية بمكونات العمل الفني.The current research included four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the methodological framework of the research, as it included (the research problem), which the researcher identified a number of justifications that include two questions as follows: Is there a Western influence on the aesthetic dimensions of formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting? And what is the extent of the direct influence of the strength of the cultural form, heritage, and symbols of popular folklore on the transformation of contemporary Kuwaiti painting art? The current research aims to: Reveal the aesthetic dimensions of formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting. As for the limits of the research: By studying the aesthetic dimensions of formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting. For the time period (1975-2000 AD) in the State of Kuwait. As for the second chapter, it included two topics: The first topic (The meaning of transformation and form in art) and the second topic (Contemporary Kuwaiti painting... between origin and roots. Chapter Three: The research community consists of about (50) paintings from the works of Kuwaiti Arab painters within the boundaries of contemporary Kuwaiti painting from the year (1975-2000). The researcher, according to the time limits of the research, determined four decades of time، namely the seventies, eighties, nineties and two thousand. The researcher intentionally selected (5) sample paintings for the research within the four decades and according to what was mentioned in the research community. As for the research methodology, the researcher relied on the (descriptive analytical) method. Chapter Four included the research results, including: The aesthetic dimensions of the formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting are represented through heritage symbols, icons or geometric decorative formations, and seeks to confirm the Kuwaiti painter\u27s aesthetics of his formal transformations and artistic visions with the development of the artist\u27s artistic style. As for the conclusions, they are: Contemporary Kuwaiti art embodies the private identity through the components of the artwork

Control and Domination in Islamic Creed from the Qur\u27anic Perspective: An Analytical Study

يهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على حكمة القرآن الكريم في توجيه العقيدة الإسلامية، وتوضيح الطرق التي يستخدمها لتعزيز الإيمان بالله وتثبيت المؤمنين على الحق، وربط العقيدة بحياتهم وسلوكهم المعتاد، وتسعى الدراسة إلى فهم كيفية توجيه القرآن الكريم للمؤمنين في مسائل العقيدة والإيمان، وحمايتهم من الانحرافات الفكرية والعقدية، مع ربط العقيدة بالأعمال الصالحة والسلوك القويم، وأثر ذلك على نفسية المؤمن وتوازنه الروحي، وتبرز الدراسة أهمية السيطرة والتحكم وسيلة رئيسة لتثبيت العقيدة الإسلامية في النفوس، فهي تساعد في مواجهة الشهوات والفتن الفكرية، وتعزيز اليقين بالله، فالسيطرة على النفس تقود إلى السكينة والطمأنينة الروحية، وتؤسس للإيمان الراسخ الذي ينعكس إيجابًا على حياة الفرد والمجتمع. ويعالج القرآن الكريم التحديات الفكرية والعقدية مثل الشرك والجاهلية، بتوجيهاته التي تعزز نقاء التوحيد وتُثبت المؤمن على الحق. خلص البحث إلى أن السيطرة والتحكم في التوحيد تعد ركيزة أساسية لحفظ العقيدة الإسلامية، حيث تُسهم في تحقيق الاستقرار الروحي والنفسي، وبناء مجتمع موحد حول قيم الإسلام. وأكدت الدراسة أن العقيدة الصحيحة لا تنفصل عن الغايات الكبرى لخلق الله لهذا الكون، فهي مصدر الإيمان واليقين، مما يؤدي إلى استقرار الفرد والمجتمع نفسيا وفكريا، ويُرسخ قيم الوحدة والقوة.The research aims to shed light on the wisdom of the Quran in guiding Islamic belief, clarifying the methods it uses to strengthen faith in God, affirm believers in the truth, and connect faith to their daily lives and behaviors, The study seeks to understand how the Quran directs believers in matters of faith and belief, protects them from intellectual and doctrinal deviations, and links faith with righteous deeds and upright conduct. It also examines the impact of this guidance on the believer’s psyche and spiritual balance. The research highlights the importance of self-control and discipline as a key means of solidifying Islamic belief in individuals, helping them confront desires and intellectual temptations while enhancing certainty in God. Self-control leads to inner peace and spiritual tranquility, establishing a steadfast faith that positively reflects on both individual and societal life، Furthermore, the Quran addresses intellectual and doctrinal challenges, such as polytheism and ignorance, through directives that promote the purity of monotheism and reinforce the believer’s adherence to the truth. The study concludes that self-control and discipline in monotheism serve as essential foundations for preserving Islamic belief. They contribute to achieving spiritual and psychological stability and building a unified society around the values of Islam, The study emphasizes that sound belief is inseparable from God’s greater purposes for creating this universe. It is the source of faith and certainty, leading to the stability of individuals and communities on both psychological and intellectual levels, while strengthening values of unity and resilience

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إستراتيجيات الإقناع في احاديث الوعظ الإسلامية المختارة ليوسف إستس وعمرو خالد: تحليل بلاغي تقابلي

This study analyzes the persuasive strategies manipulated by the American Islamic preacher Yusuf Estes and the Arabian preacher Amr Khaled. Johnstone (2008) as a theoretical framework for data analysis is used to highlight the rhetorical framework within such preaching discourses. Findings reveal that both Islamic preachers employ quasilogical, presentational, and analogical strategies, with presentational persuasion being mostly dominant. However, while Estes favors logical reasoning, Khaled more relies on historical references. The difference in their use of rhetorical strategies can be attributed to context and audience expectations. Such findings significantly contribute to the field of contrastive rhetoric by demonstrating how cultural and linguistic contexts play a key role in shaping persuasive strategies in Islamic preaching. تحلل هذه الدراسة استراتيجيات الإقناع التي استخدمها الداعية الاسلامي الأمريكي يوسف إستس والداعية العربي عمرو خالد.  يُستخدم جونستون 2008 إطارا نظريا لتحليل البيانات لتسليط الضوء على الإطار البلاغي في مثل أحاديث الوعظ هذه. تكشف النتائج ان كلا الداعيين الاسلاميين يستخدمان الاستراتيجيات شبه المنطقية والعرضية والتناظرية مع هيمنة الاقناع العرضي في الغالب. ومع ذلك فبينما يفضل إستس التفكير المنطقي يعتمد خالد اكثر على المراجع التاريخية. ويمكن ان يعزى الاختلاف في استخدامهم للاستراتيجيات البلاغية إلى السياق وتوقعات الجمهور. تساهم مثل هذه النتائج بشكل كبير في مجال البلاغة التقابلية عبر إظهار كيف يكون للسياقات الثقافية واللغوية أثرا رئيسا في تشكيل إستراتيجيات الإقناع في الوعظ الإسلامي